Journal Information
Vol. 39. Issue 4.
Pages 153-158 (April 2003)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 39. Issue 4.
Pages 153-158 (April 2003)
Full text access
Los conductores somnolientos tienen alta frecuencia de accidentes de tráfico asociados a exceso de RERA
Sleepy drivers have a high frequency of traffic accidents related to respiratory effort-related arousals
Visits
9574
J.F. Masa Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
fmasa@separ.es

Correspondencia: Rafael Alberti, 12. 10005 Cáceres. España
, M. Rubio Gonzálezb, L.J. Findleyc, J.A. Riesco Mirandaa, A. Sojo Gonzáleza, C. Disdier Vicentea
a Sección de Neumología. Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres
b Centro de Salud San Jorge. Cáceres. España
c Sleep Disorders Center. Loveland (Colorado). EE.UU
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Introducción

Los RERA (respiratory effort-related arousal) son secundarios a sutiles obstrucciones de la vía aérea superior durante el sueño, pueden aparecer sin predominio de apneas e hipopneas y causan somnolencia diurna excesiva. El análisis de las potenciales consecuencias de estos nuevos acontecimientos respiratorios tiene hoy un interés creciente. Los conductores habitualmente somnolientos tienen un riesgo alto de sufrir accidentes de tráfico asociados a trastornos respiratorios durante el sueño (apneas más hipopneas más RERA)

Objetivo

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si exclusivamente el exceso de RERA es un factor independiente de riesgo de accidentes en los conductores somnolientos

Método

Estudiamos a 40 conductores habitualmente somnolientos y 23 controles (conductores no somnolientos) pareados por edad y sexo, y ambos extraídos de una muestra de 4.002 conductores de vehículos. Se estudiaron datos sobre hábitos de sueño, somnolencia diurna, accidentes de tráfico y se realizaron estudios de sueño con medida de presión esofágica

Resultados

Los conductores somnolientos con apneas de sueño tienen una tasa de accidentes en 5 años mayor que los controles (índice de apneas-hipoapneas [IAH] > 10; 0,33±0,50 frente a 0,004±0,21 en los controles; p<0,05), pero sólo el exceso de RERA y no el de apneas de sueño fue un factor independiente de riesgo de accidentes en conductores somnolientos. La odds ratio(OR) ajustada para un índice de RERA=10 fue de 7,6 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,2–48) y para un índice de RERA=15 fue de 17 (IC, 1,5–91)

Conclusiones

El alto riesgo de accidentes de tráfico de los conductores somnolientos viene principalmente determinado por la presencia de RERA más que por la presencia de apneas e hipopneas de sueño. Estos datos ratifican la importancia y la necesidad de identificar RERA en la práctica habitual de los laboratorios de sueño

Palabras clave:
Rera (respiratory effort related arousal)
Apneas de sueño
Síndrome de resistencia aumentada de la vía aérea superior
Accidentes de tráfico
Introduction

Respiratory effortrelated arousals (RERA) are secondary to subtle obstructions of the upper airway during sleep and can appear in the absence of a predominance of apneas and hypopneas, causing excessive daytime sleepiness. Analyzing the possible consequences of these new respiratory events is of increasing interest. Habitually sleepy drivers are at high risk of having traffic accidents related to sleep disorders (apneas, hypopneas and RERA)

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether excess RERA alone is an independent risk factor among sleepy drivers

Method

We studied 40 habitually sleepy drivers and 23 age- and sex-matched controls selected from a sample of 4,002 automobile drivers. We surveyed sleep habits, daytime sleepiness and traffic accidents. Sleep studies of esophageal pressure were performed

Results

The sleepy drivers with apneas (apnea/hypopnea index > 10) had a higher 5-year accident rate (0.33±0.50) than did control drivers (0.004±0.21; p<0.05). However, a high RERA index, but not sleep apnea, was an independent risk factor among the habitually sleepy drivers. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a RERA index=10 was 7.6 (confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 48); for a RERA index=15, the OR was 17 (CI 1.5 to 91)

Conclusions

The high risk of traffic accidents among sleepy drivers is mainly determined by the presence of RERA rather than the presence of apneas and hypopneas. These findings verify the importance of identifying RERA in routine sleep laboratory studies

Keywords:
Respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA)
Sleep apnea
Increased upper airway resistance syndrome
Automobile accidents
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.F. Masa, M. Rubio, L.J. Findley.
Habitually sleepy drivers have a high frequency of automobile crashes associated with respiratory disorders during sleep.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 1407-1412
[2.]
C. Guilleminault, R. Stoohs, A. Clerk, M. Cetel, P.A. Maistros.
Cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome.
Chest, 104 (1993), pp. 781-787
[3.]
T. Young, J. Blustein, L. Finn, M. Palta.
Sleep-disordered breathing and motor vehicle accidents in a population-based sample of employed adults.
Sleep, 20 (1997), pp. 608-613
[4.]
M.W. Johns.
Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Chest, 103 (1993), pp. 30-36
[5.]
A. Baydur, P.K. Behraks, W.A. Zin, M. Jaeger, J. Milic-Emili.
A simple method for assessing the validity of the esophageal balloon technique.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 129 (1982), pp. 788-791
[6.]
Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association.
EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples.
Sleep, 15 (1992), pp. 174-184
[7.]
A. Rechtschaffen, A. Kales.
A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages for human subjects,
[8.]
F. Barbé, J. Amilibia, F. Capote, J. Durán, N.G. Mangado, A. Jiménez, et al.
Grupo de trabajo del Área de Insuficiencia Respiratoria y Trastornos del Sueño. Normativas SEPAR: diagnóstico del síndrome de apneas obstructivas durante el sueño: informe de consenso del Área de Insuficiencia Respiratoria y Trastornos del Sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 31 (1995), pp. 460-462
[9.]
M.J. Norusis.
SPSS advanced statistics 6.1,
[10.]
J.F. Masa Jiménez, M. Rubio González.
Diagnóstico diferencial. Síndrome de resistencia aumentada de la vía aérea superior.
Apneas e hipopneas durante el sueño. Visión actual, pp. 157-185
[11.]
L.J. Findley, M.E. Unverzagt, M. Suratt.
Automobile accidents involving patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 138 (1988), pp. 337-340
[12.]
J.N. Krieger, T. Meslier, P. Lebrun, F. Levy, J.C. Phillip-Joel, J.L. Sailly.
Racineux and The Working Group ANTADIR, Paris and CRESGE, Lille, France. Accidents in obstructive sleep apnea patients treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure.
Chest, 112 (1997), pp. 1561-1566
[13.]
F. Barbé, J. Pericás, A. Muñoz, L. Findley, J.M. Antó, A.G.N. Agustí.
Automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158 (1988), pp. 18-22
[14.]
J. Terán, A. Jiménez, J. Cordero.
The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents.
N Engl J Med, 340 (1999), pp. 847-851
[15.]
R.A. Stoohs, L. Bingham, A. Itoi, C. Guilleminault, W.C. Dement.
Sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in comercial long-haul truck drivers.
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. 1275-1282
[16.]
S.E. Martin, P.K. Wraith, I.J. Deary, N.J. Douglas.
The effect of nonvisible sleep fragmentation on daytime function.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155 (1997), pp. 1596-1601
[17.]
J. Argod, J.L. Pépin, R.P. Smith, P. Lévy.
Comparison of esophageal pressure with pulse transit time as a measure of respiratory effort for scoring obstructive nonapneic respiratory events.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 87-93
[18.]
C. Guilleminault, R. Stoohs, A. Clerk, M. Cetel, P.A. Maistros.
Cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The upper airway resistance syndrome.
Chest, 104 (1993), pp. 781-787
[19.]
C. Guilleminault, R. Stoohs, T. Shiomi.
Upper airway resistance syndrome, nocturnal blood pressure monitoring and bordeline hypertension.
Chest, 109 (1996), pp. 901-908
[20.]
R.A. Stoohs, C. Guilleminault, A. Itoi, W.C. Dement.
Traffic accidents in commercial long-haul truck drivers: the influence of sleep- disordered breathing and obesity.
Sleep, 17 (1994), pp. 619-623
[21.]
I. Ayappa, R.G. Norman, A.C. Krieger, A. Rosen, R.L. O'Malley, D.M. Rapoport.
Non-invasive detection of respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs) by a nasal cannula/pressure transducer system.
Sleep, 23 (2000), pp. 763-771
[22.]
K. Rees, R.N. Kingshott, P.K. Wraith, N.J. Douglas.
Frequency and significance of increased upper airway resistance during sleep.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 1210-1214
[23.]
D.I. Loube, T. Andrada, R.S. Howard.
Accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmography for the diagnosis of upper airway resistance syndrome.
Chest, 115 (1999), pp. 1333-1337
[24.]
V. Kaplan, J.N. Zhang, E.W. Russi, K.E. Bloch.
Detection of inspiratory flow limitation during sleep by computer assisted respiratory inductive plethysmography.
Eur Respir J, 15 (2000), pp. 570-578
[25.]
J. Corral, J.F. Masa, M.J. Martín, A. Fernández, A. Sojo, A.M. Sánchez.
Diagnóstico del síndrome de resistencia aumentada de la vía aérea superior sin sonda esofágica.
Arch Bronconeumol, 37 (2001), pp. 28
[26.]
J.M. Montserrat, E. Ballester, H. Olivi, A. Reolid, P. Lloberes, A. Morelló, et al.
Time-course of stepwise CPAP titration.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152 (1995), pp. 1854-1859
[27.]
J. Argod, J.L. Pépin, R.P. Smith, P. Lévy.
Comparison of esophageal pressure with pulse transit time as a measure of respiratory effort for scoring obstructive nonapneic respiratory events.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 87-93
Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?