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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los RERA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">respiratory effort-related arousal</span>&#41; son secundarios a sutiles obstrucciones de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea superior durante el sue&#241;o&#44; pueden aparecer sin predominio de apneas e hipopneas y causan somnolencia diurna excesiva&#46; El an&#225;lisis de las potenciales consecuencias de estos nuevos acontecimientos respiratorios tiene hoy un inter&#233;s creciente&#46; Los conductores habitualmente somnolientos tienen un riesgo alto de sufrir accidentes de tr&#225;fico asociados a trastornos respiratorios durante el sue&#241;o &#40;apneas m&#225;s hipopneas m&#225;s RERA&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si exclusivamente el exceso de RERA es un factor independiente de riesgo de accidentes en los conductores somnolientos</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiamos a 40 conductores habitualmente somnolientos y 23 controles &#40;conductores no somnolientos&#41; pareados por edad y sexo&#44; y ambos extra&#237;dos de una muestra de 4&#46;002 conductores de veh&#237;culos&#46; Se estudiaron datos sobre h&#225;bitos de sue&#241;o&#44; somnolencia diurna&#44; accidentes de tr&#225;fico y se realizaron estudios de sue&#241;o con medida de presi&#243;n esof&#225;gica</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los conductores somnolientos con apneas de sue&#241;o tienen una tasa de accidentes en 5 a&#241;os mayor que los controles &#40;&#237;ndice de apneas-hipoapneas &#91;IAH&#93; &#62; 10&#59; 0&#44;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;50 frente a 0&#44;004<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;21 en los controles&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#44; pero s&#243;lo el exceso de RERA y no el de apneas de sue&#241;o fue un factor independiente de riesgo de accidentes en conductores somnolientos&#46; La odds ratio&#40;OR&#41; ajustada para un &#237;ndice de RERA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 fue de 7&#44;6 &#40;intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;2&#8211;48&#41; y para un &#237;ndice de RERA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 fue de 17 &#40;IC&#44; 1&#44;5&#8211;91&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El alto riesgo de accidentes de tr&#225;fico de los conductores somnolientos viene principalmente determinado por la presencia de RERA m&#225;s que por la presencia de apneas e hipopneas de sue&#241;o&#46; Estos datos ratifican la importancia y la necesidad de identificar RERA en la pr&#225;ctica habitual de los laboratorios de sue&#241;o</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory effortrelated arousals &#40;RERA&#41; are secondary to subtle obstructions of the upper airway during sleep and can appear in the absence of a predominance of apneas and hypopneas&#44; causing excessive daytime sleepiness&#46; Analyzing the possible consequences of these new respiratory events is of increasing interest&#46; Habitually sleepy drivers are at high risk of having traffic accidents related to sleep disorders &#40;apneas&#44; hypopneas and RERA&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to determine whether excess RERA alone is an independent risk factor among sleepy drivers</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 40 habitually sleepy drivers and 23 age- and sex-matched controls selected from a sample of 4&#44;002 automobile drivers&#46; We surveyed sleep habits&#44; daytime sleepiness and traffic accidents&#46; Sleep studies of esophageal pressure were performed</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sleepy drivers with apneas &#40;apnea&#47;hypopnea index &#62; 10&#41; had a higher 5-year accident rate &#40;0&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;50&#41; than did control drivers &#40;0&#46;004<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; However&#44; a high RERA index&#44; but not sleep apnea&#44; was an independent risk factor among the habitually sleepy drivers&#46; The adjusted odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; for a RERA index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 was 7&#46;6 &#40;confidence interval &#91;CI&#93;&#44; 1&#46;2 to 48&#41;&#59; for a RERA index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44; the OR was 17 &#40;CI 1&#46;5 to 91&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The high risk of traffic accidents among sleepy drivers is mainly determined by the presence of RERA rather than the presence of apneas and hypopneas&#46; These findings verify the importance of identifying RERA in routine sleep laboratory studies</p>"
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Los conductores somnolientos tienen alta frecuencia de accidentes de tráfico asociados a exceso de RERA
Sleepy drivers have a high frequency of traffic accidents related to respiratory effort-related arousals
J.F. Masa Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
fmasa@separ.es

Correspondencia: Rafael Alberti, 12. 10005 Cáceres. España
, M. Rubio Gonzálezb, L.J. Findleyc, J.A. Riesco Mirandaa, A. Sojo Gonzáleza, C. Disdier Vicentea
a Sección de Neumología. Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres
b Centro de Salud San Jorge. Cáceres. España
c Sleep Disorders Center. Loveland (Colorado). EE.UU
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los RERA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">respiratory effort-related arousal</span>&#41; son secundarios a sutiles obstrucciones de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea superior durante el sue&#241;o&#44; pueden aparecer sin predominio de apneas e hipopneas y causan somnolencia diurna excesiva&#46; El an&#225;lisis de las potenciales consecuencias de estos nuevos acontecimientos respiratorios tiene hoy un inter&#233;s creciente&#46; Los conductores habitualmente somnolientos tienen un riesgo alto de sufrir accidentes de tr&#225;fico asociados a trastornos respiratorios durante el sue&#241;o &#40;apneas m&#225;s hipopneas m&#225;s RERA&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si exclusivamente el exceso de RERA es un factor independiente de riesgo de accidentes en los conductores somnolientos</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiamos a 40 conductores habitualmente somnolientos y 23 controles &#40;conductores no somnolientos&#41; pareados por edad y sexo&#44; y ambos extra&#237;dos de una muestra de 4&#46;002 conductores de veh&#237;culos&#46; Se estudiaron datos sobre h&#225;bitos de sue&#241;o&#44; somnolencia diurna&#44; accidentes de tr&#225;fico y se realizaron estudios de sue&#241;o con medida de presi&#243;n esof&#225;gica</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los conductores somnolientos con apneas de sue&#241;o tienen una tasa de accidentes en 5 a&#241;os mayor que los controles &#40;&#237;ndice de apneas-hipoapneas &#91;IAH&#93; &#62; 10&#59; 0&#44;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;50 frente a 0&#44;004<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;21 en los controles&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41;&#44; pero s&#243;lo el exceso de RERA y no el de apneas de sue&#241;o fue un factor independiente de riesgo de accidentes en conductores somnolientos&#46; La odds ratio&#40;OR&#41; ajustada para un &#237;ndice de RERA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 fue de 7&#44;6 &#40;intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;2&#8211;48&#41; y para un &#237;ndice de RERA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15 fue de 17 &#40;IC&#44; 1&#44;5&#8211;91&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El alto riesgo de accidentes de tr&#225;fico de los conductores somnolientos viene principalmente determinado por la presencia de RERA m&#225;s que por la presencia de apneas e hipopneas de sue&#241;o&#46; Estos datos ratifican la importancia y la necesidad de identificar RERA en la pr&#225;ctica habitual de los laboratorios de sue&#241;o</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory effortrelated arousals &#40;RERA&#41; are secondary to subtle obstructions of the upper airway during sleep and can appear in the absence of a predominance of apneas and hypopneas&#44; causing excessive daytime sleepiness&#46; Analyzing the possible consequences of these new respiratory events is of increasing interest&#46; Habitually sleepy drivers are at high risk of having traffic accidents related to sleep disorders &#40;apneas&#44; hypopneas and RERA&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to determine whether excess RERA alone is an independent risk factor among sleepy drivers</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 40 habitually sleepy drivers and 23 age- and sex-matched controls selected from a sample of 4&#44;002 automobile drivers&#46; We surveyed sleep habits&#44; daytime sleepiness and traffic accidents&#46; Sleep studies of esophageal pressure were performed</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The sleepy drivers with apneas &#40;apnea&#47;hypopnea index &#62; 10&#41; had a higher 5-year accident rate &#40;0&#46;33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;50&#41; than did control drivers &#40;0&#46;004<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;21&#59; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46; However&#44; a high RERA index&#44; but not sleep apnea&#44; was an independent risk factor among the habitually sleepy drivers&#46; The adjusted odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; for a RERA index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10 was 7&#46;6 &#40;confidence interval &#91;CI&#93;&#44; 1&#46;2 to 48&#41;&#59; for a RERA index<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#44; the OR was 17 &#40;CI 1&#46;5 to 91&#41;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The high risk of traffic accidents among sleepy drivers is mainly determined by the presence of RERA rather than the presence of apneas and hypopneas&#46; These findings verify the importance of identifying RERA in routine sleep laboratory studies</p>"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Habitually sleepy drivers have a high frequency of automobile crashes associated with respiratory disorders during sleep"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;F&#46; Masa"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9907019"
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                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1407"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11029353"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0010"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Cause of excessive daytime sleepiness&#46; The Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Guilleminault"
                            1 => "R&#46; Stoohs"
                            2 => "A&#46; Clerk"
                            3 => "M&#46; Cetel"
                            4 => "P&#46;A&#46; Maistros"
                          ]
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                        ]
                      ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0020"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Daytime sleepiness&#44; snoring&#44; and obstructive sleep apnea&#46; The Epworth Sleepiness Scale"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "M&#46;W&#46; Johns"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            1 => "P&#46;K&#46; Behraks"
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                        ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "EEG arousals&#58; scoring rules and examples"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association"
                          "etal" => false
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "15"
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                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Rechtschaffen"
                            1 => "A&#46; Kales"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "serieFecha" => "1968"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Grupo de trabajo del &#193;rea de Insuficiencia Respiratoria y Trastornos del Sue&#241;o&#46; Normativas SEPAR&#58; diagn&#243;stico del s&#237;ndrome de apneas obstructivas durante el sue&#241;o&#58; informe de consenso del &#193;rea de Insuficiencia Respiratoria y Trastornos del Sue&#241;o"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Barb&#233;"
                            1 => "J&#46; Amilibia"
                            2 => "F&#46; Capote"
                            3 => "J&#46; Dur&#225;n"
                            4 => "N&#46;G&#46; Mangado"
                            5 => "A&#46; Jim&#233;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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                        "fecha" => "1995"
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Norusis"
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                      "LibroEditado" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "SPSS advanced statistics 6&#46;1"
                        "serieFecha" => "1994"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagn&#243;stico diferencial&#46; S&#237;ndrome de resistencia aumentada de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea superior"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;F&#46; Masa Jim&#233;nez"
                            1 => "M&#46; Rubio Gonz&#225;lez"
                          ]
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Apneas e hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o&#46; Visi&#243;n actual"
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                        "paginaFinal" => "185"
                        "serieFecha" => "2001"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Automobile accidents involving patients with obstructive sleep apnea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;J&#46; Findley"
                            1 => "M&#46;E&#46; Unverzagt"
                            2 => "M&#46; Suratt"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/138.2.337"
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            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Racineux and The Working Group ANTADIR&#44; Paris and CRESGE&#44; Lille&#44; France&#46; Accidents in obstructive sleep apnea patients treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;N&#46; Krieger"
                            1 => "T&#46; Meslier"
                            2 => "P&#46; Lebrun"
                            3 => "F&#46; Levy"
                            4 => "J&#46;C&#46; Phillip-Joel"
                            5 => "J&#46;L&#46; Sailly"
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                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
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                        "volumen" => "112"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1561"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1566"
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9404754"
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                          "pii" => "S0140673602082661"
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            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Barb&#233;"
                            1 => "J&#46; Peric&#225;s"
                            2 => "A&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            3 => "L&#46; Findley"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Ant&#243;"
                            5 => "A&#46;G&#46;N&#46; Agust&#237;"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.158.1.9709135"
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                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "158"
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
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            13 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Ter&#225;n"
                            1 => "A&#46; Jim&#233;nez"
                            2 => "J&#46; Cordero"
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                      ]
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                  ]
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                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199903183401104"
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                        "volumen" => "340"
                        "paginaInicial" => "847"
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                            "web" => "Medline"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in comercial long-haul truck drivers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;A&#46; Stoohs"
                            1 => "L&#46; Bingham"
                            2 => "A&#46; Itoi"
                            3 => "C&#46; Guilleminault"
                            4 => "W&#46;C&#46; Dement"
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "The effect of nonvisible sleep fragmentation on daytime function"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Martin"
                            1 => "P&#46;K&#46; Wraith"
                            2 => "I&#46;J&#46; Deary"
                            3 => "N&#46;J&#46; Douglas"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.155.5.9154863"
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                      "titulo" => "Comparison of esophageal pressure with pulse transit time as a measure of respiratory effort for scoring obstructive nonapneic respiratory events"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
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                            2 => "R&#46;P&#46; Smith"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9907086"
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            17 => array:3 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cause of excessive daytime sleepiness&#46; The upper airway resistance syndrome"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Guilleminault"
                            1 => "R&#46; Stoohs"
                            2 => "A&#46; Clerk"
                            3 => "M&#46; Cetel"
                            4 => "P&#46;A&#46; Maistros"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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