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Vol. 32. Issue 9.
Pages 442-446 (November 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 9.
Pages 442-446 (November 1996)
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Infecciones en el trasplante pulmonar
Infection and lung transplantation
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M.C. Carreñoa,*, P. Ussettib, A. Varelac, P. Mendazad, R. Dazad, M.J. Ferreirob, J. Jaurenab
a Servicios de Medicina Interna, Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Madrid
b Servicios de Neumología, Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Madrid
c Servicios de Cirugía Torácica, Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Madrid
d Servicios de Microbiología. Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Madrid
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El trasplante de pulmón se ha convertido en la esperanza terapéutica para los enfermos respiratorios terminales. Las infecciones son una de las causas más importantes de morbimortalidad en este grupo de enfermos. Por ello analizamos las infecciones acaecidas en 14 pacientes sometidos a trasplante de pulmón realizados en la Clínica Puerta de Hierro en 2 años de experiencia.

Analizamos los datos de 14 pacientes trasplantados, seis con trasplante pulmonar bilateral y ocho unilateral. Todos los enfermos fueron evaluados antes del trasplante mediante serología frente a distintos virus, cultivos para bacterias y hongos y técnica de Ziehl en esputo. Todos recibieron profilaxis antibiótica, antifúngica y antiviral, según protocolo. Se registraron los cultivos del broncoaspirado del donante, y los cultivos del broncoaspirado, lavado broncoalveolar y biopsias obtenidas en los estudios broncoscópicos tras el trasplante. Las broncoscopias se realizaron según protocolo y atendiendo a la situación clínica. Se obtuvieron otros cultivos según necesidades.

Observamos 27 episodios de infecciones respiratorias entre los que destacan 4 neumonías transmitidas por el donante, 3 casos de tuberculosis, 3 infecciones por Aspergillus, 5 neumonitis por citomegalovirus y una neumonía por P. Carinii.

Las infecciones pulmonares tienen un papel muy importante en la evolución de los pacientes trasplantados de pulmón. El conocimiento de la cronología del desarrollo de las mismas hace posible una profilaxis adecuada, así como un seguimiento exhaustivo para la detección precoz de las mismas, consiguiendo una supervivencia en los dos primeros años tras el trasplante de aproximadamente el 70%.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante de pulmón
Infecciones
Tuberculosis
Citomegalovirus

Lung transplantation has become the therapeutic hope of terminal respiratory patients. Infections are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. We therefore analyze infections suffered after lung transplants performed at Clínica Puerta de Hierro over a two-year period.

The cases of 14 transplanted patients, 6 bilateral and 8 unilateral, were analyzed. Pre-transplant data available for all included analysis of serum antibodies to several viruses, as well as bacterial and fungal cultures, and Ziehl's sputum test. All received prophylactic antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral treatment according to protocol. The bronchial aspirate of the donor, and recipient specimens of bronchial aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsies obtained by bronchoscopy after transplantation were cultured. Bronchoscopies were performed according to protocol, based on clinical picture. Other cultures were obtained as needed.

We recorded 27 respiratory infections, among which 4 were pneumonia transmitted by the donor, 3 were tuberculosis, 3 were Aspergillus infections, 5 were cytomegalovirus pneumonitis and one, P. carinii pneumonia.

Lung infections have a strong impact on outcome of lung transplant patients. Knowledge of the chronological development of infections made appropriate prophylaxis and early detection possible, such that survival during the first two years after transplantation was approximately 70% in our hospital.

Key words:
Lung transplantation
Infections
Tuberculosis
Cytomegalovirus
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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