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Vol. 37. Issue 2.
Pages 58-64 (February 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 2.
Pages 58-64 (February 2001)
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Fragmentación mecánica y fibrinólisis intrapulmonar en el tratamiento del tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo con repercusión hemodinámica
Mechanical fragmentation and intrapulmonary fibrinolysis in the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism hemodynamic repercussions
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M.A. De Gregorio*, M.J. Gimeno, R. Alfonso, J. Medrano
Unidad de Radiología Intervencionista. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Zaragoza
S. Loyolaa, M. Favaa, M. Herrerab
a Unidad de Radiología Intervencionista. Universidad Católica. Santiago de Chile. Chile
b Interventional Radiolog. Henneping Hospital. University of Minessota. EE.UU
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Objetivos

Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la fragmen-tación mecánica asociada a trombólisis intrapulmonar en el tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) masivo con alteración hemodinámica.

Material y método

Un total de 51 pacientes diagnosti-cados de TEP masivo con repercusión hemodinámica. Se in-cluyeron bajo este epígrafe pacientes con TEP agudo con un índice de Miller superior a 0,50 y una presión medida en la arteria pulmonar principal superior 30 mmHg. Cuadro clí-nico de inicio: 19 shock, 6 síncope y 26 disnea intensa de reposo. La saturación de O 2 medida por pulsioximetría: 71,4%. Presión media en arteria pulmonar: 46,1 mmHg. Se realizó fragmentación de los tromboémbolos más importan-tes. Durante la fragmentación se administró un bolo de fi-brinolítico. A través del catéter se administró infusión de fibrinolítico. El seguimiento se realizó con valoración clíni-ca, gammagráfica pulmonar y ecocardiográfica.

Resultados

Tras la fragmentación y administración del bolo de trombolítico se observó mejoría clínica en 49 pacien-tes (97,2%). La presión media postratamiento mecánico y farmacológico fue de 24,1 mmHg. Éxito técnico del 100%.

Conclusiones

Los datos aportados avalan la eficacia y se-guridad de la fragmentación mecánica y trombólisis farma-cológica en el tratamiento del TEP masivo con afectación hemodinámica, mejorando la sintomatología y disminuyen-do la presión arterial pulmonar.

Palabras clave:
Fragmentación mecánica
Fibrinólisis intraarte-rial
Embolismo pulmonar masivo
Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mecha-nical fragmentation associated with intrapulmonary throm-bolysis to treat massive pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) with altered hemodynamics.

Material and method

Fifty-one patients with a diagnosis of acute PTE were enrolled, the criteria being a Miller index over 0.50 and mean pressure of 30 mmHg in the principal su-perior pulmonary artery. The initial clinical pictures included shock (19 patients), syncope (6) and severe dyspnea at rest (26). Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oxymetry was 71.4%. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 46.1 mmHg. The main thromboembolisms were fragmented, with one bo-lus of a fibrinolytic agent administered during the fragmenta-tion procedure. An infusion of the fibrinolytic agent was ad-ministered through a catheter. Monitoring included clinical assessment, pulmonary scintigraphy and echocardiography.

Results

After fragmentation and administration of the bolus dose of the fibrinolytic agent, improvement was obser-ved in 49 patients (97.2%). Mean pressure after mechanical and pharmacological treatment was 24.1 mmHg. Technical success was achieved in 100% of the patients.

Conclusions

The results attest to the efficacy and safety of mechanical fragmentation and medical thrombolysis in trea-ting massive PTE affecting hemodynamics, leading to clinical improvement and lowered pulmonary artery pressure.

Keywords:
Mechanical fragmentation
Intraarterial fibrinolysis
Massive pulmonary embolism
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