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Vol. 45. Issue S4.
EPOC y comorbilidad: una visión global
Pages 24-30 (March 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue S4.
EPOC y comorbilidad: una visión global
Pages 24-30 (March 2009)
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EPOC e hipertensión pulmonar
COPD and pulmonary hypertension
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María Asunción Nieto Barbero
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) es una complicación frecuente de las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y, en concreto, de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), si bien su prevalencia no se conoce con exactitud. La HP supone un impacto en la capacidad funcional y en la supervivencia de estos pacientes. Suele ser moderada o leve en intensidad y aparecer cuando la obstrucción al flujo aéreo es grave. Sin embargo, algunos pacientes presentan una HP “desproporcionada”, a pesar de tener una mínima afectación funcional y de seguir un tratamiento óptimo. Aunque clásicamente se ha considerado a la hipoxia alveolar como la causa principal, en los últimos años se han conocido otros mecanismos patogénicos, sobre todo los que producen un remodelado vascular, los cuales se revisan en este capítulo. Por último, se analiza el enfoque diagnóstico y el manejo terapéutico de la HP en los pacientes con una EPOC.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Hipertensión pulmonar
Remodelado vascular
Oxigenoterapia continua domiciliaria
Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a common complication in chronic respiratory diseases and specifically in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although its prevalence has not been well determined. PHT affects functional capacity and survival in these patients. This complication is usually moderate or mild and develops when airflow obstruction is severe. However, some patients have “disproportionate” PHT, despite minimal functional involvement and optimal treatment. Although alveolar hypoxia has classically been considered to be the main cause, in the last few years other pathogenic mechanisms have been identified, especially those producing vascular remodelling, which are reviewed in the present article. Lastly, the diagnostic approach and therapeutic management of PHT in patients with COPD are analyzed.

Key words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Vascular remodeling
Chronic home oxygen therapy
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