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Vol. 45. Issue S4.
EPOC y comorbilidad: una visión global
Pages 18-23 (March 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue S4.
EPOC y comorbilidad: una visión global
Pages 18-23 (March 2009)
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Comorbilidad cardiovascular en la EPOC
Cardiovascular comorbidity in COPD
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Juan José Soler Cataluña
Corresponding author
jjsoler@telefonica.net

Autor para correspondencia.
, Miguel Ángel Martínez García
Unidad de Neumología, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Requena, Valencia, España
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La presencia de alteraciones cardiovasculares entre los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) supera los límites de la casualidad. El tabaquismo, un factor de riesgo común a ambas entidades, podría explicar, en parte, la fuerza de la asociación; sin embargo, hay indicios para suponer que otros determinantes, como la inflamación sistémica, el estrés oxidativo, la hipoxemia, la disfunción endotelial e incluso el propio envejecimiento, podrían estar también implicados. En los pacientes donde coinciden ambas enfermedades, las consecuencias finales son manifiestamente peores. La enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) contribuye a la hospitalización de los pacientes con EPOC y también a su mortalidad. Aproximadamente, uno de cada 4 pacientes con EPOC fallece de causa cardiovascular. En sentido contrario, la exacerbación de la EPOC también contribuye a un número mayor de episodios cardiovasculares, e incluso se ha detectado un incremento de la mortalidad entre los pacientes con ECV que presentan EPOC frente a controles no EPOC. Estos condicionantes subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar una visión integral capaz de identificar de forma temprana al candidato y emplear alternativas terapéuticas adecuadas. Se ha sugerido que los vasodilatadores, estatinas o bloqueadores beta pueden mejorar la morbimortalidad del paciente con EPOC, quizá por maximizar el control en la ECV subyacente. No obstante, también se apunta que el potencial antiinflamatorio de las estatinas podría ser de interés. Los corticoides inhalados, e incluso algunos broncodilatadores, también pueden disminuir la morbilidad cardiovascular. Estos datos son observacionales y deben enjuiciarse con precaución. No obstante, son suficientemente provocadores para justificar el enorme interés que suscita la interacción entre 2 de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes del mundo occidental, la EPOC y la ECV.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Enfermedad cardiovascular
Comorbilidad
Abstract

The presence of cardiovascular alterations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is no coincidence. Smoking, a risk factor for both entities, could partly explain the strength of the association; however, there are data that suggest that other determining factors such as systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxemia, endothelial dysfunction and even aging could also be involved. Prognosis is worse in patients with both entities. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes to hospitalization in patients with COPD and to mortality.

Approximately one out of every four patients with COPD dies from cardiovascular causes. Equally, COPD exacerbation also leads to a greater number of cardiovascular events and an increase in mortality has even been found among patients with CVD and COPD compared with controls without COPD. These determining factors underline the need to develop a comprehensive view for the early detection of at-risk individuals and use of appropriate therapeutic measures.

Vasodilators, statins and beta-blockers may improve morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD, possibly because these drugs maximize control of the underlying CVD. Nevertheless, the antiinflammatory potential of statins could be of interest. Inhaled corticosteroids and even some bronchodilators could also decrease cardiovascular morbidity. These data are from observational studies and should be interpreted with caution but are nevertheless sufficiently interesting to warrant the enormous interest aroused by the interaction between the two most prevalent chronic diseases in the western world, COPD and CVD.

Key words:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cardiovascular disease
Comorbidity
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