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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 3-9 (January - February 1989)
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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 3-9 (January - February 1989)
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Alteraciones alveolo-intersticiales en el fumador pasivo. Modelo morfometrico experimental
Alveolo-interstitial alterations in passive smoking. Morphometric experimental model
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A.I. Maurain Viloria, J. de D. Escolar Castellón, M.D. Ariño Matín, P. Miñana Amada, P. Roche Roche
Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Zaragoza
E. Prats Rivera*
* Servicio de Medicina Nuclear. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Zaragoza
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Se ha realizado un modelo experimental de fumador pasivo exponiendo a ratas al humo de 10 cigarrillos al día/ dos meses. Paralelamente se estableció un grupo control. El estudio ha sido fundamentalmente morfológico, dividiendo los hallazgos en: a) citológicos del lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) (linfocitos, macrófagos y polimorfonucleares); b) morfométricos (hiperinsuflación pulmonar, engrosamiento septal, hemosiderina, área linfática, epitelio en contacto (Ep C), epitelio plano (Ep P) y alveolos ocupados y c) isotópicos (captación de Ga67 por el pulmón y cociente pulmón/hígado). El LBA presentó un aumento significativo de linfocitos (x¯ = 27,1%) y polimorfo-nucleares (x¯ = 5,6%) (p < 0,001). El estudio morfométrico mostró un aumento de todas las variables, que fue significativo (p < 0,01) a excepción del engrosamiento septal. La captación de Ga67 fue menor en los pulmones de los animales expuestos a humo de tabaco, habiendo diferencias significativas en el cociente P/H. Se concluye que la exposición de forma pasiva a humo de tabaco produce alteraciones alveolo-intersticiales similares a las descritas en los modelos experimentales en rata de fumador activo.

A passive smoking experimental model was designed by exposing rats to the smoke of 10 cigarettes/day for 2 months. A control group was established parallel to the former. This study consisted chiefly of measurement of morphologic parameters which were divided into: a) cytologic parameters at bronchoalveolar lavage (lymphocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclears); b) morphometric parameters (hyperinflation of the lung, septal thickening, deposition of hemosiderin, lymphatic area, epithelium in contact, flat epithelium, and occupied alveoli); and c) isotopic parameters (pulmonary uptake of 67Gallium and lung/liver ratio). Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes (x¯ = 27.1%) and polymorphonuclears (x¯ = 5.6%) (p < 0.001). The morphometric study disclosed an increase in all variables which was significant (p < 0.01) except for septal thickening. The 67Gallium uptake was lower in the lungs of the animals exposed to tobacco smoke and there were significant differences in liver/lung ratio. It is concluded that passive exposure to tobacco smoke produces alveolo-interstitial alterations which are similar to those reported in experimental models of active smoking in rats.

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