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Vol. 37. Issue 2.
Pages 69-74 (February 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 2.
Pages 69-74 (February 2001)
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Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Evaluación de la tolerancia al ejercicio utilizando tres tipos diferentes de pruebas de esfuerzo
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evaluation of exercise tolerance using three different exercise tests
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M. Montes De Oca
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jgloyo@telcel.net.ve

Correspondencia: CCS 5150, PO Box 025323. Miami, FL 33102–5323.
, M. Ortega Balza, J. Lezama, J.M. López
Servicio de Neumonología y Cirugía de Tórax. Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas, D.F. Venezuela
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La utilidad clínica de las pruebas de esfuerzo simples en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) sigue siendo tema de debate. Existen interrogantes sobre si estas pruebas permiten evaluar la capacidad de es-fuerzo máxima o sólo miden la resistencia al ejercicio (es-fuerzo submáximo).

Con el fin de determinar el grado de estrés alcanzado en la marcha de 6 min (M6M) y la subida de escaleras (SE) y su relación con la capacidad aeróbica máxima, se estudió a 50 pacientes con EPOC (FEV1 49 ± 19%). Los pacientes fue-ron evaluados con espirometría, prueba de esfuerzo progre-siva en cicloergómetro (PECP), determinando consumo de O2 (VO2 ), frecuencia cardíaca (FC), ventilatoria y disnea. En días separados realizaron 2 pruebas de M6M y SE, midien-do distancia recorrida, número de escalones, FC y disnea.

Los resultados muestran una FC mayor en la PECP. En-tre las pruebas simples, la SE alcanzó una FC mayor a la M6M. Asimismo, se observó una relación lineal significativa entre el VO2 /kgpico , con la M6M (r2 = 0,27; p < 0,05) y la SE (r2 = 0,33; p < 0,01).

En consecuencia, concluimos que la tolerancia al ejercicio en pacientes con EPOC puede ser evaluada utilizando las pruebas de esfuerzo simple. Probablemente la SE es la me-jor prueba simple para determinar la capacidad funcional máxima, mientras que la M6M puede reservarse para medir la resistencia al ejercicio.

Palabras clave:
Pruebas de esfuerzo
EPOC
Capacidad de esfuerzo

The clinical usefulness of simple exercise tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) conti-nues to give rise to debate. Questions remain about whether these tests assess maximum effort or only exercise tolerance (submaximal effort).

To determine the levels of stress reached during the six-minute walking (6MW) test and stair climbing (SC) test and their relation to maximum aerobic capacity, 50 patients with COPD (FEV1 49 ± 19%) were studied. Data collected inclu-ded spirometric variables and VO2 , heart rate (HR), ventila-tory response and dyspnea during the progressive effort er-gometric cycle (PEEC) test. Two 6MW and SC tests were completed on two separate days, with distance, number of steps, HR and dyspnea recorded.

HR was higher during the PEEC test. Among the simple tests, SC caused a faster HR than did the 6MW test. Likewi-se, a significant linear relation was observed between VO2/kgpeak during the 6MW test (r2 = 0.27; p < 0.05) and the SC test (r2 = 0.33; p < 0.01).

We therefore conclude that exercise tolerance in patients with COPD can be evaluated using simple stress tests. The SC test is probably the best simple way to determine maxi-mum functional capacity, whereas the 6MW test can be re-served for measurement of exercise tolerance.

Keywords:
Exercise tests
COPD
Capacity to exercise
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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