Journal Information
Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 77-83 (February 2000)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 77-83 (February 2000)
Full text access
Valoración de la eficacia de un tratamiento multidisciplinario en un grupo de pacientes obesos con IMC ≥ 35 y alteración de la función pulmonar
Assessment of the efficacy of interdisciplinary treatment of a group of obese patients with BMI ≥ 35 and altered respiratory function
Visits
6071
R. Luquea,*, R. Berdejob, A. Elbustoc, X. Arrázolad, I. Royoa, I. Salegia, L. del Campoe, P. de la Torrea
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Aránzazu
b Sección de Neumología. Hospital de Guipúzcoa
c Nutricionista. Hospital Aránzazu. Donostia
d Psicólogo clínico. Hospital Aránzazu. Donostia
e Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Aránzazu. Donostia
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Objetivo

Evaluar la efectividad de un tratamiento multidisciplinario de la obesidad en un grupo de pacientes con IMC ≥35 y afectación respiratoria condicionada o relacionada con la obesidad.

Material y método

Se incluyeron 40 obesos entre 18 y 60 años con afectación de la función respiratoria. Se les realizó una evaluación funcional respiratoria que incluía: espirometría, volúmenes de pletismografía, gasometría arterial y poligrafía respiratoria nocturna. Posteriormente, previa evaluación psicológica y nutricional, se inició un tratamiento de la obesidad durante un año con dieta personalizada e intervención psicológica. El seguimiento fue en principio semanal e individualizado y posteriormente grupal. Tras cada 5kg de adelgazamiento se repetían los tests funcionales respiratorios y tras 10kg se repetía la poligrafía de sueño.

Resultados

Se consigue un adelgazamiento de más de 15kg en el 48,6% de los pacientes. Los valores funcionales respiratorios (FVC, FEV1, RV, ERV, PaO2, SatO2) experimentan diferencias significativas entre el inicio y el final del tratamiento. Otro tanto se objetiva en la severidad del síndrome de apnea del sueño (SAS) y en las cifras de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) para control del síndrome. Los valores de ácido úrico, glucosa y triglicéridos en sangre se normalizan en un 89, 61 y 50%, respectivamente, tras el adelgazamiento. No se ha encontrado un perfil psicopatológico determinante que identifique al obeso severo aunque los niveles de ansiedad, conducta ante la ingesta, ajuste marital y percepción de la imagen corporal eran rasgos que fundamentalmente estaban alterados.

Conclusiones

En el difícil grupo de obesos con IMC ≥35 el tratamiento multidisciplinario se ha revelado efectivo para conseguir sustanciales pérdidas de peso, mejoras del funcionalismo respiratorio y de la patología del sueño. Este procedimiento, actualmente al alcance de pocos centros, merece ser probado en beneficio de este grupo creciente de pacientes obesos.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad y función respiratoria
Tratamiento multidisciplinario de la obesidad
Objective

To assess the efficacy of an interdisciplinary protocol for treating obesity in a group of patients with BMI ≥35 and with altered respiratory function that was not necessarily related to obesity or not.

Patients and method

Forty obese individuals between 18 and 60 years of age with altered respiratory function were enrolled. Spirometric values, plethysmograph volumes, arterial blood gases, and nighttime respiratory polygraphs were recorded. Following psychological and nutritional evaluation, the patients commenced year-long treatment for obesity involving a personalized diet and psychological counseling. Follow-up was weekly and individualized at first; in later sessions, patients were grouped. Lung function tests were repeated after loss of 5kg. Sleep polygraphy was repeated after loss of 10kg.

Results

Weight loss over 15kg was achieved by 48.6% of the patients. Respiratory function variables: FVC, FEV1, RV, ERV, PaO2 and SatO2 after treatment changed significantly from initial levels. Significant differences were also seen in the severity of sleep apnea and pressures needed for continuous positive airway pressure. Uric acid, glucose and triglyceride blood levels became normal in 89%, 61% and 50% of the patients, respectively, after weight loss. No characteristic psychological profile was identified for severe obesity, although levels of anxiety, eating behavior, marital adjustment and perception of body image were aspects that were fundamentally altered.

Conclusions

In the difficult group of obese patients with BMI ≥35, interdisciplinary treatment has proven effective for achieving substantial weight loss, while improving respiratory function and severity of sleep disorder. This therapy, which is at present viable for few centers, deserves consideration in the interest of benefiting the increasing number of obese patients.

Key words:
Obesity and respiratory function
Interdisciplinary treatment of obesity
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
SEEDO., (Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad).
Consenso español 1995 para la evaluación de la obesidad y para la realización de estudios epidemiológicos.
Med Clin (Barc), 107 (1996), pp. 782-787
[2.]
G.A. Bray.
The obese patient.
Volume IX in the series: major problems in internal medicine, W.B. Saunders Company, (1976),
[3.]
J.S. Garrow.
Treat obesity seriously.
Churchill Livingstone, (1981),
[4.]
M. Laville.
Definition et epidemiologie des obesités massives.
Obesités massives, Rev Prat, (1993), pp. 1905-1907
[5.]
A.H. Kissebah, D.S. Freedman, A.N. Peiris.
Health risks of obesity.
Med Clin N America, 73 (1989), pp. 111-138
[6.]
T.B. Van Itallie.
Health implications of overweight and obesity in the United States.
Ann Intern Med, 103 (1985), pp. 983-988
[7.]
J.L. Gutiérrez Fisac, E. Regidor, C. Rodríguez.
Prevalencia de la obesidad en España.
Med Clin (Barc), 102 (1994), pp. 10-13
[8.]
Departamento de Sanidad.
1992.
Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, Encuesta de Salud de, (1993),
[9.]
J. Aranceta, C. Pérez, I. Marzana, I. Eguileor, L. González de Galdeano, J. Sáenz de Buruaga.
Encuesta de Nutrición en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca. Tendencias de consumo alimentario, indicadores químicos y estado nutricional de la población adulta de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca.
Servicio de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, (1995),
[10.]
National Institutes of Health Consensus.
Health implications of obesity, Developement Conference Statement.
Ann Intern Med, 103 (1985), pp. 1073-1077
[11.]
P.N. Benotti, B. Bistrain, J.R. Benotti, G. Blackburn, R.A. Forse.
Heart disease and hypertension in severe obesity: the benefits of weight reduction.
Am J Clin Nutr, 55 (1992), pp. 586-590
[12.]
A.R. Glass, K.D. Burman, W.T. Dahms, T.M. Boehm.
Endocrine function in human obesity.
Metabolism, 30 (1991), pp. 89-104
[13.]
J.F. Silverman, K.F. O’Brien, S. Long, N. Leggett, P.G. Khazanie, W.J. Pories, et al.
Liver pathology in morbidly obese patients with and without diabetes.
Am J Gastroenterol, 85 (1990), pp. 1349-1355
[14.]
G.B. Hubert, M. Feinleib, P.M. McNamara, W.P. Castelli.
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26 year follow- up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study.
Circulation, 67 (1983), pp. 968-977
[15.]
M.A. Alpert, M.W. Hashimi, heart. Obesity, J. Am.
Med Sci, 306 (1993), pp. 117-123
[16.]
J.E. Manson, W.C. Willet, M. Stampfer, G.A. Colditz, D.J. Hunter, S.E. Hankinson, et al.
Body weight and mortality among women.
N Engl J Med, 333 (1995), pp. 677-685
[17.]
D.J. Clain, J.H. Lefkowitch.
Fatty liver disease in morbid obesity.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 16 (1987), pp. 239-252
[18.]
J. Hagen, M. Deitel, R.K. Kahnna, R. Ilves.
Gastroesophageal reflux in the massively obese.
Int Surg, 72 (1987), pp. 1-3
[19.]
J.P. Masse, T. Glimet, D. Kuntz.
Gonarthrose et obésité.
Rev Rhum, 12 (1988), pp. 273-278
[20.]
B.L. Kasiske, J.T. Crosson.
Renal diseaes in patients with massive obesity.
Arch Inter Med, 146 (1986), pp. 1105-1109
[21.]
R. Lemaire.
The flow of venous blood in the obese.
Phlebologie, 41 (1988), pp. 493-499
[22.]
J.P. Laaban.
La function respiratoire dans l’obésité massive.
Rev Prat, 43 (1993), pp. 1911-1917
[23.]
J.M. Luce.
Respiratory complications of obesity.
Chest, 78 (1980), pp. 626-631
[24.]
J.P. Laaban, D. Cassuto, E. Orvoen-Frija, F. Lenique.
Les complications respiratoires des obésités massives.
Rev Prat, 42 (1992), pp. 469-476
[25.]
R.L. Atkinson.
Massive obesity; complications and treatment.
Nutr Rev, 49 (1991), pp. 49-53
[26.]
S. Rossner, L. Lagerstrand, H.E. Persson, C. Sachs.
The sleep apnea syndrome in obesity: risk of sudden death.
J Intern Med, 230 (1991), pp. 135-141
[27.]
E.J. Drenick, G.S. Bale, F. Selzfer, D.E. Johnson.
Excessive mortality and causes of death in morbidly obese men.
JAMA, 243 (1980), pp. 443-445
[28.]
J. Duflou, R. Virmani, I. Rabin, A. Burke, A. Farb, J. Smialek.
Sudden death as a result of heart disease in morbid obesity.
Am Heart J, 130 (1995), pp. 306-313
[29.]
T.B. Van Itallie.
Morbid obesity: a hazardous disorder that resist conservative treatment.
Am J Clin Nutr, 33 (1980), pp. 358-363
[30.]
H. Bjorvell, S. Rossner.
Long-term treatment of severe obesity: four years follow-up of results of combined behavioural modification programme.
BMJ, 291 (1985), pp. 379-382
[31.]
P.N. Benotti, R.A. Forse.
The role of gastric surgery in the multidisciplinary management of severe obesity.
Am J Surg, 169 (1995), pp. 361-367
[32.]
R.B. Reinhold.
Late results of gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity.
J Am Coll Nutr, 13 (1994), pp. 326-331
[33.]
I. Rasmussen, P. Enblad, K.E. Arosenius.
Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.
Report of a serie with long-term results. Acta Chir Scand, 155 (1989), pp. 401-407
[34.]
X. Formiguera, M. Barbany.
Tratamiento de la obesidad refractaria a dieta.
Med Clin (Barc), 96 (1991), pp. 413-415
[35.]
M.M. Clark, R. Niaura, T.K. Kint, V. Pera.
Depression, smoking, activity level, and health status: pretreatment predictors of attrition in obesity treatment.
Addict Behav, 21 (1996), pp. 509-513
[36.]
W.P. Bloker Jr..
Ostermann HJ. Obesity: evaluation and treatment. Disease-A-Month, 42 (1996), pp. 829-873
[37.]
Sociedad Española de Patología Respiratoria (SEPAR).
Normativa para la espirometría forzada.
Ed. Doyma, (1985),
[38.]
J. Roca, J. Sanchís, A. Agustí, F. Segarra, D. Navajas, R. Rodríguez Roisín, et al.
Spirometric reference values from a mediterranean population.
Bull Eur Physiopath Respir, 22 (1986), pp. 217-224
[39.]
A.B. Dubois.
A rapid plethysmographic method for measuring thoracic gas volumen. A comparison with a nitrogen washout method for measuring funtional capacity in normal subjects.
J Clin Invest, 35 (1956), pp. 322-326
[40.]
H. Quanjer Ph, A. Dalhuijsen, B.C. Van Zomeren.
Summary equations of reference values.
Bull Eur Physiopath Respir, 19 (1983), pp. 45-51
[41.]
O. Carrasco, J.M. Montserrat, P. Lloberes, C. Ascasco, E. Ballester, C. Fornas, et al.
Visual and different automatic scoring prolifes of respiratory variables in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome.
Eur Respir J, 9 (1996), pp. 125-130
[42.]
L.R. Derogatis.
SCL-90-R Manual.
Clinical Psychometric Research Unit, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, (1977),
[43.]
A.T. Beck.
Depression inventory.
Center for Cognitive Therapy, (1978),
[44.]
C.D. Spielberg, R.L. Gorusch, R.E. Lushene.
STAI.
Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press, (1970),
[45.]
C. Saldaña, R. Rosell.
Obesidad.
Martínez Roca, (1988),
[46.]
J.B. Rotter.
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
General and Aplied, (1966), pp. 609-613
[47.]
D.E. Gambrill, C.A. Richey.
An assertion inventory for use in assessment and research.
Behaviour Therapy, (1975), pp. 550-561
[48.]
R.B. Catell.
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionaire.
Institute for Personality and Ability Testing, (1972),
[49.]
M. Vera, M. Fernández.
Programa de intervención cognitivo-conductual para control del sobrepeso.
Rev Esp Ter Comport, 4 (1986), pp. 81-88
[50.]
P.M. O’Neill, M.P. Jarrell.
Psychological aspects of obesity and very-low-calory diets.
Am J Clin Nutr, 56 (1992), pp. 185-189
[51.]
A.J. Stunkard, A.T. Wadden.
Psychological aspects of severe obesity.
Am J Clin Nutr, 55 (1992), pp. 452-532
[52.]
J. Sabaté.
Estimación de la ingesta dietética: métodos y desafíos.
(1993), pp. 591-596
[53.]
WHO-EUR.O., Measuring, obesity., Clasification, description of anthropometric data.
Report on a WHO consultation on the epidemiology of obesity.
OMS, (1987),
[54.]
J.L. González de Rivera, C. De las Cuevas, R. Gracia-Marco, A.L. Monterrey, F. Rodríguez-Pulido, M. Henry-Benítez, et al.
Morbilidad psiquiátrica menor en población general de Tenerife.
Psiquis, 11 (1990), pp. 11-22
[55.]
L.F. Martin, S.M. Hunter, R.M. Lauve, J.P. O’Leary.
Severe obesity: expensive to society, frustrating to treat, but important to confront.
South Med J, 88 (1995), pp. 895-902
[56.]
O. Campollo Rivas.
Obesity. Its medico-surgical treatment.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex, 59 (1994), pp. 36-45
[57.]
L.F. Martin, S.M. Hunter.
Are there effective treatments for the severely obese?.
J La State Med Soc, 146 (1994), pp. 348-354
[58.]
J.C. Seidell.
Societal and personal costs of obesity.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes, 106 (1998), pp. 7-9
[59.]
W.J. Jonhson, L.K. Hinkle, D.A. Anderson, C.R. Lemmon, L.B. Engler, K.C. Bergeron.
Dietary and exercise interventions for juvenile obesity: long-term effect of behavioral and public health models.
Obesity Research, 5 (1997), pp. 257-261
[60.]
S.C. Wooley, D.M. Gamer.
Obesity treatment: the high cost of false hope.
J Am Diet Assoc, 91 (1991), pp. 1248-1251
[61.]
S.M. Hunter, J.A. Larrieu, F.M. Ayad, J.P. O’Leary, W.S. Giffies, C.H. Deblanc, et al.
Roles of mental health professionals in multidisciplinary supervised treatment programs for obesity.
South Med J, 90 (1997), pp. 578-586
[62.]
D.M. Grace.
Patient selection for obesity surgery.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 16 (1987), pp. 399-413
[63.]
D. Hughes, A. McGuire.
A review of the economic analysis of obesity.
Br Med Bull, 53 (1997), pp. 253-263
[64.]
L.F. Martin, S. White, W. Lindstrom Jr..
Cost-benefit analysis for the treatment of severe obesity.
World J Surg, 22 (1998), pp. 1008-1017
[65.]
B.T. Yates.
Improving the cost-effectiveness of obesity programs: three basic strategies for reducing the cost per pound.
Int J Obes, 2 (1978), pp. 249-266
[66.]
A.R. Carmichael.
Treatment for morbid obesity.
Postgrad Med J, 75 (1999), pp. 7-12
[67.]
M. Fried, M. Peskova, M. Kasalicky.
The role of laparoscopy in the treatment of morbid obesity.
Obes Surg, 8 (1988), pp. 520-523
Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?