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Vol. 38. Issue 9.
Pages 415-420 (September 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 9.
Pages 415-420 (September 2002)
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Utilidad de la cirugía videotoracoscópica en el diagnóstico de los nódulos pulmonares solitarios
Usefulness of video-assisted thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules
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M. Congregado Loscertales, J.C. Girón Arjona, R. Jiménez Merchán, A. Arroyo Tristán, C. Arenas Linares, J. Ayarra Jarne, J. Loscertales
Corresponding author
jloscert@us.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Cirugía General y Torácica. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena.Avda. Dr. Fedriani, 3. 41071 Sevilla
Servicio de Cirugía General y Torácica. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Sevilla
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Objetivos

Varios tipos de estrategias se emplean para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los nódulos pulmonares solitarios indeterminados (NPS). Las nuevas técnicas de imagen y de medicina nuclear parecen añadir más información a esta afección, pero aún es la exéresis quirúrgica el método más sensible y específico para obtener un correcto análisis de la lesión. Con la cirugía videotoracoscópica (CVT) se puede conseguir un diagnóstico histológico sin la necesidad de realizar una toracotomía. En este estudio se expone nuestra ex-periencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los NPS con la CVT

Material y métodos

Desde julio de 1992 a abril de 2001 se ha intervenido a 182 pacientes afectados de NPS en nuestro servicio. Diseño:estudio retrospectivo. Edad media:59,2 años (límites, 12–78). Sexo: un total de 39 mujeres y 143 varones. Localización: exploración visual o instrumental en 102 pacientes, con palpación en 52 casos y con arpón guiado por tomografía computarizada (TC) preoperatoriamente en 25 (cuatro de ellos fallaron). A todos ellos se les realizó una biopsia intraoperatoria y cuando la lesión fue maligna se les practicó una exéresis oncológica en la misma operación

Resultados

Se ha obtenido un diagnóstico de certeza, por CVT en 178 pacientes (98,3%). En otros 3 pacientes fue necesario practicar biopsia con aguja Trucut® durante la CVT y un caso más hubo de convertirse a cirugía abierta. Histopatología: hamartoma, 11; nódulo fibroso, 10; bron-quiolitis obliterante, 1; neumoconiosis, 1; tumor mesenquimal, 3; seudotumor inflamatorio, 14; mucormicosis, 1; tu-berculoma, 17; linfoma, 1; tumor carcinoide, 6; metástasis, 22, y carcinoma broncogénico, 95. Mortalidad: 0,55%, un paciente por tromboembolia pulmonar masiva. Morbilidad: 5%, nueve complicaciones menores

Conclusiones

La CVT es un abordaje muy efectivo, con baja morbilidad y mortalidad, y en nuestra opinión debe ser la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico de todos los NPS y el tratamiento de algunos, como los nódulos benignos y las metástasis solitarias

Palabras clave:
Nódulo pulmonar solitario
Cirugía torácica videoasistida
Objectives

Various approaches are used for the diagnosis and treatment of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) of unknown origin. New imaging techniques and nuclear medicine have provided more information about SPN, but surgical removal is still the most sensitive and specific way to ob-tain a correct analysis of the lesion. With video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), a histological diagnosis can be obtained without resorting to thoracotomy. In the present study we describe our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of SPN using VATS

Material and methods

From July 1992 through April 2001, 182 patients were operated on for SPN in our department. Design: Retrospective study. Mean age: 59.2 years (12-78). Sex: 39 women and 143 men. Localization: Visual or instrumental exploration in 102 patients, with palpation in 52 cases and using a hookwire guided by preoperative computed tomography in 25 (with failure in 4 of those cases). Tissue was biopsied during surgery and when the lesion was malignant, oncological excision was performed during the same operation

Results

A firm diagnosis was obtained by VATS for 178 patients (98.3%). For three other patients the surgeon had to take a needle biopsy (Tru-cut®) during surgery, and in one case conversion to open surgery was necessary. Histopathology: hamartoma: 11; fibrous nodule: 10; bronchiolitis obliterans: 1; pneumoconiosis: 1; mesenchymal tumor: 3; inflammatory pseudotumor: 14; mucormycosis: 1; tuberculoma:17; lymphoma: 1; carcinoid tumor: 6; metastasis: 22; bronchogenic carcinoma: 95. Mortality was 0.55%, with 1 patient dying from massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Morbidity was 5%, from 9 minor complications

Conclusions

VATS is an effective approach, with low morbidity and mortality. We consider it to be the technique of choice for the diagnosis of all SPN and for the treatment of some, such as benign nodules and solitary metastases

Keywords:
Solitary pulmonary node
Video-assisted thoracic surgery
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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