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Vol. 38. Issue 11.
Pages 511-514 (November 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 11.
Pages 511-514 (November 2002)
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Tratamiento de la hidrocefalia mediante la derivación ventriculopleural
Ventriculopleural shunt to treat hydrocephalus
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J. Torres Lanzasa, A. Ríos Zambudiob,
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ARZRIOS@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Avda. de la Libertad, 208. 30007 Casillas. Murcia. España
, J.F. Martínez Lagec, M.J. Roca Calvoa, M. Pozac, P. Parrilla Pariciob
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
b Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
c Unidad de Neurocirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
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Introducción

La derivación ventriculoatrial y la ventriculopleural (DVP) son métodos alternativos a la derivación ventriculoperitoneal para el drenaje del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en pacientes con hidrocefalia. La DVP ha sido poco utilizada por su riesgo de insuficiencia respiratoria por neumotórax o derrame pleural; sin embargo, la presencia actual de válvulas con dispositivos antisifón para los sistemas de derivación estándar previene el desarrollo de estos derrames pleurales. El objetivo es analizar los resultados de nueve DVP en 8 pacientes con las nuevas válvulas de DVP para evitar el drenaje excesivo de LCR.

Material y Método

Entre 1988 y 2000 se han realizado nueve DVP en 8 pacientes con hidrocefalia. Ocho válvulas eran de presión diferencial y una, reguladora de flujo. Además, seis (el modelo Sophy) son programables externamente. La indicación de la DVP fue, en 4 casos, la presencia de adherencias peritoneales; en dos, la presencia de ascitis persistente, en uno la obstrucción de la válvula ventriculoatrial, y en el último, la infección de la derivación peritoneal por una peritonitis. El noveno caso corresponde al recambio de una válvula previa obstruida.

Resultados

Tras un seguimiento medio de 22 meses, todas las derivaciones funcionan de forma adecuada y ningún paciente presenta síntomas de hidrocefalia, excepto un caso que precisó recambio valvular por obstrucción de la misma a los 6 meses. No se presentó morbimortalidad asociada a la técnica quirúrgica. Sólo un paciente mostró síntomas transitorios de drenaje excesivo de LCR, lo que fue corregido regulando el gradiente de la válvula magnética. Un paciente falleció a los 36 meses por un procedimiento no relacionado con el drenaje pleural.

Conclusiones

El uso de válvulas de nuevo diseño designadas para prevenir el sobredrenaje de LCR presenta unos resultados satisfactorios, por lo que la DVP debe considerarse como una alternativa al drenaje peritoneal.

Palabras clave:
Hidrocefalia
Derivación ventriculopleural
Adherencias peritoneales
Válvulas programables
Infección valvular
Líquido cefalorraquídeo
Introduction

Ventriculoatrial and ventriculopleural shunts (VPS) are alternatives to ventriculoperitoneal shunts for draining cerebrospinal fluid from patients with hydrocephalus. VPS has seldom been used because of the risk of respiratory insufficiency due to pneumothorax or pleural effusion. However, valves are currently available with antisiphon devices for use with standard shunting systems to prevent the development of pleural effusion. The aim of this study was to analyze outcome after VPS in eight patients in whom we used the new valves for avoiding overdrainage of cerebrospinal fluid.

Material and Method

Nine VPS procedures were performed in eight hydrocephalic patients between 1988 and 2000. We used differential pressure valves in eight procedures and a flow regulator valve in one. The externally adjustable Sophy valve was used in six cases. The indication for VPS was peritoneal adhesions in four cases, persistent ascites in two, ventriculoatrial valve obstruction in one, and infection of the peritoneal shunt (peritonitis) in one. The ninth case involved replacement of a previously obstructed valve.

Results

After a follow-up period of 22 months all shunts were functioning well and the only patient with symptoms of hydrocephalus was the one who required valve replacement at six months. No surgical morbidity or mortality was observed, and only one patient developed transitory signs of excessive cerebrospinal fluid drainage, which was corrected by regulating the magnetic valve gradient. The death of one patient 36 months after surgery was unrelated to pleural drainage.

Conclusions

Valves newly designed to prevent overdrainage of cerebrospinal fluid give satisfactory results, such that VPS should be considered as an alternative to peritoneal drainage.

Keywords:
Hydrocephalus
Ventriculopleural shunt
Peritoneal adhesion
Programable valves
Valve infection
Cerebrospinal fluid
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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