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Vol. 33. Issue 3.
Pages 118-123 (March 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 3.
Pages 118-123 (March 1997)
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Sistemas de valoración clínica en el diagnóstico del tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP)
Clinical evaluation systems for diagnosing pulmonary thromboembolism
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R. Otero-Candelera*,1, A. Cayuela Domínguez**, M. Arenas*, A. Segado Soriano*, E. Barrot Cortés*, A. Verano Rodríguez*
* Servicios de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
** Servicios de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
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Nos propusimos desarrollar en nuestro medio los dos sistemas de valoración de la presencia de TEP a partir de la evaluación clínica del paciente (cuestionario estandarizado y modelos multivariantes).

Desde septiembre de 1993 hasta noviembre de 1994 se recogieron los datos (historia clínica, exploración, pruebas complementarias) de los pacientes ingresados en nuestra planta de hospitalización por sospecha de TEP. Las odds ratio calculadas de cada una de las variables recogidas se utilizaron como pesos para determinar la pertenencia o no al grupo de riesgo de TEP. Además, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística múltiple. El rendimiento de los dos sistemas de valoración creados (sistemas de pesos y modelo logístico) se estudió mediante la construcción de las curvas ROC. Fueron ingresados 82 pacientes: 40 mujeres y 42 varones con una edad media de 60,94±14,39 años. Mediante el cuestionario se llegó a obtener una sensibilidad del 88%, una especificidad del 75%, un valor predictivo positivo del 94% y un valor predictivo negativo del 60%. Con la aplicación de un modelo de regresión logística, se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 96,3% para el diagnóstico de TEP, incluyendo las siguientes variables: sexo femenino, inmovilización por causa médica, presencia clínica de trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) en miembros inferiores y aparición de disnea injustificada. Comparando ambos métodos ninguno de ambos sistemas apareció claramente superior al otro en la valoración clínica para el diagnóstico de TEP.

Palabras clave:
Embolia pulmonar
Perfil clínico del TEP
Diagnóstico del TEP

We proposed developing two symptom-based systems for assessing the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism (TEP) in our practice, using a standardized questionnaire and multivariate models.

Data were collected from September 1993 through November 1994 (case reports, physical examination findings and complementary test results) of patients admitted to our ward with a suspicion of TEP. The calculated odds ratio for each of the variables recorded were used as weights to determine their relevance or not for the group at risk for TEP. The yield of the two systems developed (a weights system and a logistical model) were studied by plotting ROC curves. Eighty-two patients (40 women and 42 men, mean age 60.94±14.39 years) were admitted. The questionnaire had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75%, a positive predictive value of 94% and a negative predictive value of 60%. The logistical regression model had a sensitivity of 96.3% for a diagnosis of TEP with inclusion of the following variables: female sex, disease-related immobility, presence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities and the appearance of unexplained dyspnea. Neither system was clearly superior to the other for arriving at a clinical diagnosis of TEP.

Key words:
Pulmonary embolism
Diagnosis
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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