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Vol. 18. Issue 3.
Pages 119-123 (May - June 1982)
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Vol. 18. Issue 3.
Pages 119-123 (May - June 1982)
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Recaidas de la tuberculosis pulmonar. Valor del interrogatorio para la seleccion del esquema terapeutico adecuado
Pulmonary tuberculosis relapses. the value of detailed questioning of the patient for inclusion in an adecuate treatment regime
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J.A. Pilheu, M.a C. De Salvo, V. Gnecco, J. Giannattasio, M. Hoffman
Hospital E. Tornú. Buenos Aires
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Se estudiaron 200 pacientes con una recaída de su tuberculosis pulmonar y se relacionaron las características de su primer tratamiento con la sensibilidad bacteriana en el momento de la recaída. Fueron clasificados como regulares los pacientes que habían recibido tratamientos asociados, en dosis adecuadas al peso, diario o intermitente, continuo, que lo terminaron espontáneamente (tratamiento incompleto) o por indicación médica (tratamiento completo) e interrumpieron todas las drogas simultáneamente. Se consideraron irregulares a quienes recibieron tratamientos asociados, diarios o intermitentes, completos o incompletos, pero con dosis inadecuadas o con interrupciones o con abandono sucesivo de las drogas. En el grupo desconocido se incluyeron los pacientes en quienes no fue posible obtener datos seguros sobre las drogas recibidas, dosis, duración, forma de abandono. Del total de los 200 pacientes, 146 (73 %) tenían Mycobacteñum tuberculosis sensibles a isoniacida (INH), rifampicina (RAMP), estreptomicina (SM) y ethambutol (EMB), y los 54 restantes (27 %) tenían gérmenes resistentes a una o más drogas. De los 154 regulares, 139 (90,2) presentaban gérmenes sensibles a INH, RAMP, SM y EMB, mientras que de 26 irregulares y 20 desconocidos, sólo dos (7,6 %) y cinco (25 %) pacientes presentaban gérmenes sensibles a las cuatro drogas. La diferencia es estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Entre los pacientes con gérmenes resistentes había 26 (13 %) que lo eran a una sola droga (con franco predominio de la INH), 12 (6 %) a dos drogas, 12 (6 %) a tres drogas y 4 (2 %) a cuatro drogas. La resistencia primaria, estudiada en un grupo de 243 pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar, no tratados que ingresaron al hospital simultáneamente con los que presentaban recaídas, fue del 7 % (4,5 % a SM, 1,2 % a INH, (1,2 % a SM e INH). La resistencia adquirida (27 %), menos la resistencia primaria (7 %), indicaba la verdadera resistencia debida a la irregularidad de los tratamientos. En el grupo regular, esa diferencia resultó ser 2,7 % (9,7 %- 7), lo que permitía, a los pacientes de este grupo iniciar su tratamiento con un esquema intensivo (con 4 ó 5 drogas) sin esperar el resultado del test de sensibilidad. Aquellos pacientes incluidos en los grupos irregular y desconocido debían, por el contrario, esperar el resultado del test y adecuar el esquema terapéutico al mismo.

Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que, a los pacientes con recaída bacteriológica de su tuberculosis pulmonar, un interrogatorio detallado permite su agrupación en regulares, irregulares y desconocidos, y a los del primer grupo se les pueda iniciar un retratamiento con muchas posibilidades de éxito sin esperar el resultado del test de sensibilidad.

Summary

The relapses of 200 tuberculous patients were studied and the caracteristics of their first treatment correlated with the bacteriological sensitivity in the relapse. The patients that had received associated treatments, in adecúate dosage to their weight, daily or intermittent, continué, that had finished spontaneously (incomplete treatment) or by medical indication (complete treatment) and had withdrawn all the drugs simultaneously were classified as Regulars. Those who received associate treatments, daily or intermittent, complete or incomplete, but with inadecuate dosage or with interruptions or with succesive abandon of the drugs were considered Irregulars. The patients without positive data about the given drugs, dosage, duration and form of abandon were included in the Unknown group. Out of 200 patients, 146 (73 %) had sensitive Mycybacteterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RAMP), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol (EMB) and the remaining 54 patients (27 %) had resistant bacilli to one or more drugas. From the 154 Regulars, 139 (90.2 %) had sensitive germs to INH, RAMP, SM and EMB, while from 26 Irregulars and 20 Unknowns, only 2 (7,6 %) and 5 (25 %) patients presented sensitive bacilli to the 4 drugs. The difference is statistically significant (p < 0,001). Out of 54 patients with resistent germs, 26 (13 %) had resistance to one drug, 12 to two drugs, 12 to three drugs and four to four drugs. The primary resistance, studied in a group of 243 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, not treated, that arrived to the hospital simultaneously with those who presented relapses, was 7 % (4,5 % to SM, 1,2 % to INH, 1,2 % to SM and INH). The secondary resistance (27 %) minus the primary resistance (7 %) indicated the true resistance due to the irregularity of the treatments. In the Regular group that difference was 2,7 % (9,7 %-7 %), and this permitted the patients from this group to start retreatment with an intensive therapeutic regimen (with 4 or 5 drugs) without waiting the result of the sensitivity test. Those patients included in the Irregular and Unknown groups had on the contrary to wait the result of the tests in order to receive a favorable therapeutic regimen.

The results of this study suggest that the patients with bacteriological relapses of their pulmonary tuberculosis can be classified as Regulars, Irregulars or Unknowns due to their history, and to those of the first group a retreatment can be given, with many possibilities of succes, without waiting the result of the sensitivity test.

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Copyright © 1982. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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