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Vol. 31. Issue 5.
Pages 246-248 (May 1995)
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Vol. 31. Issue 5.
Pages 246-248 (May 1995)
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Primoinfección respiratoria por Mycobacterium avium en niños no inmunocomprometidos
Primary respiratory infection by Mycobacterium avium in immunocompetent children
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M.C. Sánchez Muñoz*, M.I. Barrio Gómez de Agüero, M.C. Martínez Carrasco, M.C. Antelo Landeira
Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil La Paz. Madrid
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Mycobacterium avium es un patógeno habitual en animales de granja, como aves de corral o cerdos. En la especie humana es causa de enfermedad fundamentalmente en individuos inmunodeprimidos, aunque también se describe con relativa frecuencia en pacientes con tuberculosis o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica e, incluso, en los últimos años, varios trabajos demuestran la existencia de enfermedad pulmonar por M. avium en mujeres de edad avanzada sin patología de base.

En niños sanos, sin embargo, es excepcional la infección respiratoria causada por esta micobacteria.

Se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 2 años previamente sano, que inició un proceso neumónico de curso tórpido. Tras 6 meses de tratamiento con diferentes antibióticos de amplio espectro, no presentó mejoría clínica ni radiológica. Se descartaron otras patologías de base, así como algunos de los gérmenes causantes de neumonía atípica.

Ante la negatividad de todos los estudios realizados, se investigó la posibilidad de primoinfección por micobacterias atípicas.

El test de intradermorreacción (sensitina) para M. avium resultó positivo.

Mediante biopsia pulmonar se consiguieron aislar bacilos ácido alcohol resistentes, comprobándose también la existencia de granulomas tuberculoides.

El paciente evolucionó favorablemente tras ser sometido a un régimen de tratamiento tuberculostático con 3 fármacos (isoniacida, rifampicina y pirazinamida).

Palabras clave:
Mycobacterium avium
Micobacterias no tuberculosas
Niños

Mycobacterium avium is a common pathogen in barnyards, where it infects poultry and pigs. In human beings M. avium is most often found to cause disease in immunocompromised individuals, although it is also described fairly often as afecting patients with tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; in recent years lung infections by M. avium have even been reported in elderly women with no underlying disease. Respiratory infection by this mycobacterium is unusual, however, in healthy children.

We describe the case of a previously healthy 2-years-old boy with pneumonia whose course was complicated. After 6 months of treatment with various broad spectrum antibiotics there was no clinically or radiologically observable improvement. Other underlying diseases were ruled out, including infection by germs that cause atypical pneumonía. When all tests were negative, we investigated the possibility of primary infection by an atypical mycobacterium. A skin test was positive for M. avium. Acid-alcohol resistant bacilli were isolated from lung biopsy samples and the presence of tuberculoid granulomas were confirmed.

Our patient then responded favorably after tuberculostatic treatment with 3 drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide).

Key words:
Mycobacterium avium
Non-tubercular mycobacteria
Children
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Copyright © 1995. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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