Journal Information
Vol. 32. Issue 8.
Pages 379-383 (October 1996)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 32. Issue 8.
Pages 379-383 (October 1996)
Full text access
Intubación traqueal mediante broncofibroscopia (experiencia de un servicio hospitalario)
Intubation tracheal guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope: one hospital service's experience
Visits
3583
F. Cámara Angulo*,1, S. Domínguez Reboiras**, S. Martín Burcio*, A. Pacheco Galván**
* Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Centro Especial de la Seguridad Social. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid
** Servicio de Neumología. Centro Especial de la Seguridad Social. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

El uso de técnicas fibroendoscópicas ha supuesto un gran avance en el manejo de las “intubaciones difíciles”. Este trabajo presenta la experiencia de un servicio hospitalario en la intubación guiada por broncofibroscopia (BF) y describe la técnica utilizada. Hemos estudiado 512 intubaciones consecutivas realizadas en los últimos 18 años. Un 64,18% fueron varones y el 35,15% mujeres. La causa más frecuente que hizo necesaria la intubación mediante BF fue la patología no tumoral de la columna cervical (28,91%) seguida de los traumatismos (18,16%) y de la imposibilidad técnica para intubar por medios habituales (17,39%). La vía nasal fue la más utilizada (80,86%). El 93,16% de las intubaciones se realizaron por motivos quirúrgicos. Se registraron 35 complicaciones (6,84%) de diversa índole y en 3 casos (0,59%) fue imposible llevar a cabo la intubación. La intubación en pacientes bajo anestesia general presenta especiales dificultades técnicas por la pérdida del tono muscular y la necesidad de mantener una ventilación adecuada. Recomendamos realizar la intubación con los enfermos respirando espontáneamente, por vía nasal, utilizando lidocaína como anestésico local y con tubos intratraqueales del mayor calibre y con el menor ángulo de bisel posible.

Palabras clave:
Intubación traqueal
Broncofibroscopia
Técnica anestésica

Fiberoptic endoscopy has brought about significant progress in the management of so-called difficult intubations. We describe the techniques applied and results in one hospital service performing intubation guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope (FB). A total of 512 consecutive intubations (64.18% men and 35.15% women) performed over the past 18 years were analyzed. Non-tumor related disease of the cervical column (28.91%) was the most frequent cause of difficult intubation requiring FB guidance, followed by trauma (18.16%) and technical difficulties (17.39%). A nasal route was used most often (80.86%). In 93.16% of cases, intubation was needed for surgery. Thirty-five (6.84%) complications of various types were recorded, and intubation was impossible in 3 (0.59%) cases. Intubation in patients under general anesthesia presented special technical difficulties due to loss of muscle tone and the need to maintain ventilation. We recommend intubation only in patients who are breathing spontaneously through the nose, using lidocaine as a local anesthetic and a large caliber endotracheal tube with as small a tip as possible.

Key words:
Tracheal intubation
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Anesthetic technique
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
P. Murphy.
A fibre-optic endoscope used for nasal intubation.
Anaesthesia, 22 (1967), pp. 489-491
[2.]
P.A. Taylor, R.M. Towey.
The broncho-fibroscope as an aid to endotracheal intubation.
Br J Anaesth, 44 (1972), pp. 6.111-6.112
[3.]
Lázaro, P. de Mercado, S. Domínguez Reboiras, R. Vidal Loures, et al.
Urgencias broncológicas en cirugía.
Arch Bronconeumol, 18 (1982), pp. 309-318
[4.]
B. Angelard, C. Debry, X. Planquait, et al.
Les intubations difficiles.
Une étude prospective. Ann Oto-Laryng (Paris), 108 (1991), pp. 241-243
[5.]
S.R. Mallampati, S.P. Gatt, Ph. Gugino, et al.
A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation a prospective study.
Can Anaesth Soc J, 32 (1985), pp. 429-434
[6.]
M.E. Wilson, D. Spiegelhalter, J.A. Robertson, et al.
Predicting difficult intubation.
Br J Anaesth, 61 (1988), pp. 211-216
[7.]
M.A. Hasan, A.E. Black.
A new technique for fibreoptic intubation in children.
Anaesthesia, 49 (1994), pp. 1.031-1.033
[8.]
J.P. Stella, W.V. Kageler, B.N. Epker.
Fiberoptic endotracheal intubation in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 44 (1986), pp. 923-925
[9.]
L. Mishkel, J.F. Wang, F. Gutiérrez, et al.
Nasotracheal intubation by fiberoptic laryngoscope.
South Med J, 74 (1981), pp. 1.407-1.409
[10.]
D. Hemmer, L. Tai-Shoin, B.D. Wright.
Intubation of a child with a cervical spine injury with the aid a fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Anaesth Intensive Care, 10 (1982), pp. 163-165
[11.]
D.S. Mulder, D.H. Wallace, S.M. Wolhouse.
The use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope to facilitate endotracheal intubation following head and neck trauma.
J Trauma, 15 (1975), pp. 638-640
[12.]
E.T. Crosby.
Trachaeal intubation in the cervical spine-injured patient [editorial Can J Anaesth.
, 39 (1992), pp. 105-109
[13.]
E.T. Crosby, A. Luis.
The adult cervical spine: implications for airway management.
Can J Anaesth, 37 (1990), pp. 77-93
[14.]
I.R. Morris.
Airway management.
Emergency Medicine: concepts and clinical practice, 37.ª, pp. 79-105
[15.]
M.A. Keenan, C.M. Stiles, R.L. Kaufman.
Acquired laryngeal deviation associated with cervical spine disease in erosive polyarticular arthritis.
Use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope in rheumatoid disease. Anesthesiology, 58 (1983), pp. 441-449
[16.]
E.J. Mlinek, J.E. Clinton, D. Plummer, et al.
Fiberoptic intubation in the emergency department.
Ann Emerg Med, 19 (1990), pp. 359-362
[17.]
K.A. Delaney, R. Hessler.
Emergency flexible fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: a report of 60 cases.
Ann Emerg Med, 17 (1988), pp. 919-926
[18.]
Y.D. Gille, J.P. Bernard, M. Freidel, et al.
L’intubation nasotracheale en chirurgies maxillo-faciales sous bronchofibroscopie.
Anesth Anal Rean, 31 (1974), pp. 551-557
[19.]
J.E. Hodgkin, E.C. Rosenow, S.E. Stubbs.
Oral introduction of the flexible bronchoscope.
Chest, 68 (1975), pp. 88-90
[20.]
D.R. Sanderson, J.C. McDougall.
Transoral bronchofiberoscopy.
Chest, 73 (1978), pp. 701-703
[21.]
I.R. Morris.
Fiberoptic intubation.
Can J Anaesth, 41 (1994),
[22.]
R.P. Dellinger.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in adult airway management.
Crit Care Med, 18 (1990), pp. 882-887
[23.]
J.L. Benumof.
Management of the difficult adult airway.
With special emphasis on awake tracheal intubation. Anaesthesiology, 75 (1991), pp. 1.087-1.110
[24.]
S.J. Brull, R. Wiklund, C. Ferris.
Facilitation of fiberoptic orotracheal intubation with a flexible tracheal tube.
Anesth Analg, 78 (1994), pp. 746-748
[25.]
I.R. Morris.
Pharmacologic aids to intubation and the rapid sequence induction.
Emerg Med Clin North Am, 6 (1988), pp. 753-768
[26.]
D.R. Derbyshire, G. Smith, K.J. Achola.
Effect of topical lignocaine on the sympathoadrenal responses to trachea intubation.
Br J Anaesth, 59 (1987), pp. 300-304
[27.]
R.M. Lorin.
Pediatric anesthesia handbook.
27.ª, Medical Examination Publishing Co Inc, (1980),
[28.]
R.K. Mirakhur, J.W. Dundee.
Glycopirrolate: pharmacology and clinical used.
Anaesthesia, 38 (1983), pp. 1.195-1.204
[29.]
R.W. Rucker, W.J. Silva, C.C. Warcester.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopie nasotracheal intubation in children.
Chest, 76 (1979), pp. 56-58
[30.]
C.B. Watson.
Fiberoptic endoscopy and anaesthesia in a general hospital.
Anesthesiol Clin North, 9 (1991), pp. 129-162
[31.]
R.D. Dripps, J.E. Eckenhoff, L.D. Van Dam.
Introduction to anesthesia: the principles of safe practice.
67.ª, WB Saunders Co, (1982),
[32.]
V. Bahman, P. Venugopal, G.P. Con.
Effects of aerosolised lidocaine on circulatory responses to laringoscopy and tracheal intubation.
Crit Care Med, 12 (1984), pp. 391-394
[33.]
A.W. Gotta, C.A. Sullivan.
Superior laryngeal nerve block: and aid to intubating the patient with fractured mandible.
J Trauma, 24 (1984), pp. 83-85
[34.]
R.K. Stolting.
Endotracheal intubation.
Anaesthesia, 2.ª, pp. 532-552
[35.]
A. Ovassapian, T.C. Krejcie, S.J. Yelich, et al.
Awake fiberoptic intubation in the patient at high risk of aspiration.
Br J Anaesth, 62 (1989), pp. 13-16
[36.]
A. Meschino, K.J. Devitt, J.O. Koch, et al.
The safety of awake tracheal intubation in cervical spine injury.
Can J Anaesth, 39 (1992), pp. 114-117
[37.]
A.F. Kopman, S.B. Wallman, K. Ross, et al.
Awake endotracheal intubation: a review of 267 cases.
Anesth Analg, 54 (1975), pp. 323-327
[38.]
D.F. Danzl, D.M. Thomas.
Nasotracheal intubation in the emergency department.
Crit Care Med, 8 (1980), pp. 677-682
[39.]
H. Hill, I. Calder.
Safer fiberoptic intubation |carta].
Anaesthesia, 43 (1988), pp. 1.062
[40.]
J.B. Gross, M.L. Hartigan, D.W. Schaffer.
A suitable subtitute for 4% cocaine before blind nasotracheal intubation: 3% lidocaine-0,25% phenylephrine nasal spray.
Anesth Analg, 63 (1984), pp. 915-918
[41.]
R.J. Telford, J.B. Liban.
Awake fiberoptic intubation.
Br J Hosp Med, 46 (1991), pp. 182-184
[42.]
A. Ovassapian, S.J. Yelich, M.H.M. Dykes.
Blood pressure and heart rate changes during awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation.
Anesth Analg, 62 (1983), pp. 951-954
[43.]
H.E. Jones, A.C. Pearce, P. Moore.
Fiberoptic intubation.
Influence of tracheal tube tip design. Anaesthesia, 48 (1993), pp. 672-674
[44.]
P.R. Nandi, C.H. Charlesworth, S.J. Taylor, et al.
Effect of general anaesthesia on the pharynx.
Br J Anaesth, 66 (1991), pp. 157-162
[45.]
P.A. Coe, T.A. King, R.M. Towey.
Teaching guided fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation.
An assessment of an anaesthetic technique to aid training. Anaesthesia, 43 (1988), pp. 410-413
[46.]
E.T. Edens, R.L. Sia.
Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy in difficults intubations.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 90 (1981), pp. 307-309
[47.]
E. Carden, T.P. Raj.
Special new low resistance to flow tube and endotracheal tube adapter for use during fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Ann Otol, 84 (1975), pp. 631-634
[48.]
E. Carden.
Recent improvements techniques for general anesthesia for bronchoscopy.
Chest, 73 (1978), pp. 697-700
[49.]
W.W. Reichert, W.J. Hall, R.W. Hyde.
A simple disposable device for performing fiberoptic bronchoscopyc on patients requiring continuous artificial ventilation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 109 (1974), pp. 394-396
[50.]
J.P. Schinnick, R.F. Johnston, T. Oslick.
Bronchoscopy during mechanical ventilation using the fibrescope.
Chest, 65 (1974), pp. 613-615
[51.]
Finfer SR, MacKenzie SIP, Saddler JM, et al. Cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation: a comparison of direct laryngoscopy and fiberoptic intubation. in press
[52.]
J.E. Smith, A.A. McKenzie, S.S. Sanghera, et al.
Cardiovascular effects of fiberescope guided nasotracheal intubation.
Anaesthesia, 44 (1989), pp. 907-910
[53.]
J.E. Smith.
Hearth rate an arterial pressure changes during fiberoptic tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia.
Anaesthesia, 43 (1988), pp. 629-632
[54.]
S.N. Rogers, J.L. Benumof.
New and easy techniques for fiberoptic endoscopy-aided tracheal intubation.
Anesthesiology, 59 (1983), pp. 569-572
[55.]
C.M. Stiles.
A flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope for endotracheal intubation of infants.
Anaesth Analg, 53 (1974), pp. 1.017-1.019
Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?