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Vol. 38. Issue 3.
Pages 117-122 (March 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 3.
Pages 117-122 (March 2002)
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Factores asociados con la mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes admitidos en cuidados intensivos en Colombia
Factors associated with hospital mortality in patients admitted to the intensive care unit in Colombia
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R.J. Dennisa,b,
Corresponding author
rdennis@javercol.javeriana.edu.co

Oficina de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio. Ctra. 7, 40–62, 5.° piso. Bogotá. Colombia
, A. Pérezb, K. Rowanc, D. Londoñoa,b, A. Metcalfed, C. Gómeza,e, K. McPhersond
a Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística. Facultad de Medicina. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá. Colombia
b Unidades de Neumología y Cuidados Intensivos. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio. Bogotá. Colombia
c Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre. Londres. Inglaterra
d Cancer and Public Health Unit. Department of Epidemiology & Population Health. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Londres. Inglaterra
e Departamento de Psiquiatría. Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio. Bogotá. Colombia
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Objetivos

Describir las características demográficas, las causas de ingreso y los factores asociados con la mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes admitidos en cuidados intensivos en Colombia

Material y Método

Cohorte de pacientes en una muestra de unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). De 89 UCI identificadas, 20 unidades en 10 ciudades de Colombia fueron invitadas a recolectar información sobre 200 pacientes consecutivos ingresados en cada unidad

Resultados

Estuvieron disponibles para ser analizados 3.066 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue de 53 años, el 43% eran mujeres (p < 0,001). La causa más frecuente de ingreso fue no quirúrgica (63,9%), principalmente infarto miocárdico (7,1%). La gravedad de la enfermedad, medida por APACHE II y III, fue como promedio de 14,0 (DE, 6,9) y 48,3 (DE, 23,5), respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado, independientemente de la escala utilizada para ajustar por confusión por la gravedad de la enfermedad (APACHE II y III), los factores asociados con muerte hospitalaria fueron la necesidad de ventilación mecánica, la respuesta pupilar a la luz, el proceder del área médica (no quirúrgico) y el manejo por el grupo de UCI antes de la admisión en cuidados intensivos (p < 0,01)

Conclusión

La causa más frecuente de ingreso en cuidados intensivos en Colombia fue el infarto miocárdico. Además de la gravedad de la enfermedad, existen en Colombia otras variables dependientes de la atención médica que se asocian con mortalidad, como la ventilación mecánica invasiva. Aunque podrían ser marcadores residuales de gravedad de la enfermedad, más probablemente están asociadas con la calidad de la atención brindada

Palabras clave:
Cuidados intensivos
Ventilación mecánica
Apache
Predicción de muerte
Objectives

To describe the demographic features, reasons for hospital admission and factors associated with hospital mortality in patients admitted to intensive care in Colombia

Method

A cohort study of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Of 89 ICUs identified in Colombia, 20 in ten cities were invited to gather information on 200 consecutive patients admitted to each ICU

Results

Three thousand sixty-six patient cases were available for analysis. The mean age was 53 years and 43% were women (men vs. women, p < 0.001). The most frequent cause of admission was medical (63.9%), acute myocardial infarction patients (7.1%) comprising the largest group. Severity of disease measured as APACHE II and III was a mean 14.0 (SD 6.9) and 48.3 (SD 23.5), respectively. Multi-variate analysis, independent of adjustment for severity (APACHE II or III), showed that the factors associated with hospital death were the need for mechanical ventilation, pupillary response, transfer from a medical ward, and management by the ICU team prior to admission (p < 0.01)

Conclusion

The most common reason for admission to an ICU in Colombia was myocardial infarction. Besides severity of disease, other variables related to medical care in Colombia are associated with hospital mortality, such as invasive ventilation. Although these variables may be artifacts related to disease severity, they are more likely to be related to quality of care

Keywords:
Intensive care
Invasive ventilation
Apache
Mortality
predictio
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Este estudio fue posible gracias a la financiación de COLCIENCIAS (código 1203–04–317–96), Ministerio de Salud, y Departamento para el Desarrollo Internacional del Reino Unido, y gracias al apoyo de la Red Internacional de Unidades de Epidemiología Clínica (INCLEN) y la Fundación Rockefeller

Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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