Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Global Tuberculosis Control Strategies at Different Stages and Analysis of Risk Factors: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2021

Wu, Jinyi; Xiao, Pei; Zhang, Yue; Peng, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2024.11.017

Archivos de Bronconeumología

ISSN: 0300-2896

Archivos de Bronconeumologia is an international journal that publishes original studies whose content is based upon results of research initiatives dealing with several aspects of respiratory medicine including epidemiology, respiratory physiology, pathophysiology of respiratory diseases, clinical management, thoracic surgery, pediatric lung diseases, respiratory critical care, respiratory allergy and translational research. Other types of articles such as editorials, reviews, and different types of letters are also published in the journal. Additionally, the journal expresses the voice of the following scientific societies: the Spanish Respiratory Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR; https://www.separ.es/), the Latin American Thoracic Society (ALAT; https://alatorax.org/), and the Iberian American Association of Thoracic Surgery (AIACT; http://www.aiatorax.com/).

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Indexed in:

Medline, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE)

We collected age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and mortality (ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR) data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021) database. Annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASIR, ASPR and ASDR were analyzed by Joinpoint regression. Correlation and decomposition analyses explored related epidemiological factors.

Results

At the global level, in the first phase Directly-Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS), the annual reduction in incidence was 1.18%, and prevalence was 0.71%. In the second phase Stop TB, the cumulative mortality decrease was 56.44% which met the desired goal. However, the cumulative decrease of prevalence was only 20.45%. In the third phase End TB, annual rate of reduction in mortality was 3.33%, while the annual rate of reduction in incidence was 1.14%. ASPR showed a large decrease in both low socio-demographic index (SDI) and high SDI regions, the decrease in medium SDI region was small, which might be dominated by demographic factors at the DOTS stage, changed to epidemiologic in the Stop TB stage and to aging factors in the End TB stage.

Conclusion

The control of TB morbidity and mortality had a great achievement in all the 3 different phases of the TB control strategy, and a concerted global effort is still needed in phase 3 to reach the END TB goal. TB prevalence control needs to be emphasized, especially in the middle and high SDI areas.

Keywords:

Global TB control strategies

Tuberculosis

Risk factors

GBD 2021

Prevention strategy

Abbreviations:

ASDR

ASIR

ADPR

GBD

AAPC