array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1579212910700598"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(10)70059-8"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
  "aid" => "70059"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2010"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:238-43"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2187
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 112
      "HTML" => 1396
      "PDF" => 679
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212910700604"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(10)70060-4"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
    "aid" => "70060"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "rev"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:244-54"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 6419
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 98
        "HTML" => 5500
        "PDF" => 821
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Usefulness of Macrolides as Anti-inflammatories in Respiratory Diseases"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "244"
          "paginaFinal" => "254"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Utilidad de los macr&#243;lidos como antiinflamatorios en las enfermedades respiratorias"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Daniel Sevilla-S&#225;nchez, Dolors Soy-Muner, N&#233;stor Soler-Porcar"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Daniel"
              "apellidos" => "Sevilla-S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Dolors"
              "apellidos" => "Soy-Muner"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "N&#233;stor"
              "apellidos" => "Soler-Porcar"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212910700604?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700604/v1_201305150453/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212910700586"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(10)70058-6"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
    "aid" => "70058"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:230-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 4824
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 115
        "HTML" => 3642
        "PDF" => 1067
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Increased Inspiratory Oxygen Fractions &#40;FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; Using a Conventional Drug Delivery Nebuliser"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "230"
          "paginaFinal" => "237"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Fracciones inspiratorias elevadas de O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> con el uso del dispositivo convencional de nebulizaci&#243;n de f&#225;rmacos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Joaquim Gea, Mauricio Orozco-Levi, Llu&#237;s Gallart"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joaquim"
              "apellidos" => "Gea"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mauricio"
              "apellidos" => "Orozco-Levi"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Llu&#237;s"
              "apellidos" => "Gallart"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212910700586?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700586/v1_201305150453/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Use of Positron Emission Tomography in Assessing Hidden Extrathoracic Metastasis in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "238"
        "paginaFinal" => "243"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Rodrigo Alonso Moralejo, Javier Sayas Catal&#225;n, Ricardo Garc&#237;a Luj&#225;n, M&#243;nica Coronado Poggio, Eduard Mons&#243; Molas, &#193;ngel L&#243;pez Encuentra"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Rodrigo"
            "apellidos" => "Alonso Moralejo"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "ralonsomoralejo&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Javier Sayas"
            "apellidos" => "Catal&#225;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ricardo Garc&#237;a"
            "apellidos" => "Luj&#225;n"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#243;nica Coronado"
            "apellidos" => "Poggio"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff2"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Eduard Mons&#243;"
            "apellidos" => "Molas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff3"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "&#193;ngel L&#243;pez"
            "apellidos" => "Encuentra"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff1"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Nuclear&#44; Hospital Universitario La Paz&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff2"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Badalona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff3"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Utilidad de la tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones en la detecci&#243;n de met&#225;stasis ocultas extrator&#225;cicas en el carcinoma broncog&#233;nico no c&#233;lulas peque&#241;as"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2009-09-23"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2010-02-11"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec156025"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Bronchogenic carcinoma"
            1 => "Positron emission tomography"
            2 => "Clinical staging"
            3 => "Hidden metastases"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec156026"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Carcinoma broncog&#233;nico"
            1 => "Tomograf&#237;a de emisi&#243;n de positrones"
            2 => "Estadificaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
            3 => "Met&#225;stasis ocultas"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Positron emission tomography combined with computed axial tomography &#40;PET&#47;CT&#41; is used for staging non small cell lung cancer &#40;NSCLC&#41;&#46; This study aims to describe PET&#47;CT findings of unsuspected extrathoracic metastasis when used in mediastinal evaluation of patients with apparently resectable NSCLC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective and concurrent study including all NSCLC patients between June 2004 and November 2006 who underwent PET&#47;CT after considering them as candidates for surgery&#44; with resectable disease after bronchoscopy&#44; thorax and abdominal CT&#44; brain CT and bone gammagraphy evaluation&#44; if metastasis at these locations were suspected&#46; Metastasis were confirmed histopathologically or assumed when they had a compatible evolution&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 91 patients with NSCLC underwent PET&#47;CT&#46; In 24 of them &#40;26&#37;&#41; at least one suspicious extrathoracic uptake was seen&#46; In 7 patients &#40;7&#46;7&#37;&#41; those uptakes were NSCLC extrathoracic metastasis hidden from conventional staging&#46; In 3 of these cases &#40;13&#46;1&#37;&#41; extrathoracic uptakes corresponded to metacrhonous tumours or pre-malignant conditions&#46; Benign lesions were found in 12 patients &#40;13&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; and in 2 cases &#40;2&#46;2&#37;&#41; the uptake origins were undetermined&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PET&#47;CT is a complementary diagnosis method for assessing hidden metastases which could modify the therapeutical approach in patients otherwise suitable for surgery&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La tomograf&#237;a de emisi&#243;n de positrones asociada a la tomograf&#237;a axial computerizada &#40;PET&#47; TC&#41; se utiliza en la estadificaci&#243;n del carcinoma broncog&#233;nico no microc&#237;tico &#40;CBNM&#41;&#46; El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la utilidad de la PET&#47;TC en la estadificaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica del CBNM para la detecci&#243;n de met&#225;stasis extrator&#225;cicas insospechadas en una poblaci&#243;n operable con un tumor aparentemente resecable antes de la evaluaci&#243;n ganglionar mediast&#237;nica pretoracotom&#237;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo y concurrente de todos los casos de CBNM recogidos entre junio 2004 y noviembre 2006&#44; a los que se realiz&#243; una PET&#47;TC tras considerar al paciente operable y al tumor resecable tras realizar broncoscopia&#44; TC toracoabdominal&#44; y TC cerebral o gammagraf&#237;a &#243;sea si hubiesen datos cl&#237;nicos sugerentes de met&#225;stasis a esos niveles&#46; La met&#225;stasis fueron confirmadas por evidencia citohistol&#243;gica o por la evoluci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una PET&#47;TC a 91 pacientes con CBNM&#46; En 24 pacientes &#40;26&#37;&#41; se objetiv&#243; la existencia de&#44; al menos&#44; una captaci&#243;n extrator&#225;cica&#46; En 7 pacientes &#40;7&#44;7&#37;&#41; la captaci&#243;n correspondi&#243; a una met&#225;stasis extrator&#225;cica del CBNM&#44; oculta a la estadificacion convencional&#46; En 3 casos &#40;3&#44;2&#37;&#41; la captaci&#243;n extrator&#225;cica correspondi&#243; a lesiones premalignas o a un segundo tumor primario&#46; En 12 pacientes &#40;13&#44;1&#37;&#41; el hallazgo correspond&#237;a a lesiones benignas&#44; y finalmente en 2 casos &#40;2&#44;2&#37;&#41; no se pudo determinar el origen de la captaci&#243;n&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La PET&#47;TC indicada en pacientes operables con CBNM potencialmente resecables supone un elemento diagn&#243;stico de utilidad en la detecci&#243;n de met&#225;stasis ocultas que afecta a la toma de decisiones terap&#233;uticas&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mortalidad por c&#225;ncer en Espa&#241;a&#46; &#193;rea de Epidemiolog&#237;a Ambiental y C&#225;ncer&#46; Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog&#237;a&#46; Instituto de Salud Carlos III&#46; Ministry of Health&#44; Spain&#46; 5&#47;2004 update&#46; Available from&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ine.es/">www&#46;ine&#46;es</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bronchogenic carcinoma 2000&#8211;2001&#58; characteristics and overall survival"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Estrada Trigueros"
                            1 => "L&#46; Comeche"
                            2 => "A&#46; L&#243;pez Encuentra"
                            3 => "J&#46; Montoro Zulueta"
                            4 => "F&#46; Gonz&#225;lez Garrido"
                            5 => "F&#46; Colina"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "594"
                        "paginaFinal" => "598"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983542"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Non invasive staging of non-small cell lung cancer&#42;ACCP Evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines &#40;2nd Edition&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;A&#46; Silvestri"
                            1 => "M&#46;K&#46; Gould"
                            2 => "M&#46;L&#46; Margolis"
                            3 => "L&#46;T&#46; Tanoue"
                            4 => "D&#46; McCrory"
                            5 => "E&#46; Toloza"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.07-1360"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "132"
                        "paginaInicial" => "178S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "201S"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17873168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones en el estudio del n&#243;dulo pulmonar solitario"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "I&#46; M&#225;rquez Rodas"
                            1 => "J&#46; De Miguel D&#237;ez"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; &#193;lvarez-Sala"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "493"
                        "paginaFinal" => "498"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19000513"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utilidad de la tomograf&#237;a por emisi&#243;n de positrones-tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;PET-TC&#41; en neumolog&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Maldonado"
                            1 => "F&#46;J&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Alenda"
                            2 => "M&#46; Alonso"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Sierra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "562"
                        "paginaFinal" => "572"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17939911"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Accuracy of helical computed tomography and &#91;18F&#93; fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for identifying lymph node mediastinal metastases in potentially resectable non-small-cell lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Pozo-Rodr&#237;guez"
                            1 => "J&#46;L&#46; Mart&#237;n de Nicol&#225;s"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; S&#225;nchez-Nistal"
                            3 => "A&#46; Maldonado"
                            4 => "S&#46; Garc&#237;a de Barajas"
                            5 => "R&#46; Calero-Garc&#237;a"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2004.00.6361"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46;Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "8348"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8356"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16219937"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose whole body positron emission tomography imaging in the staging of lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46;A&#46; Saunders"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; Dussek"
                            2 => "M&#46;J&#46; O&#8217;Doherty"
                            3 => "M&#46;N&#46; Maisey"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "paginaInicial" => "790"
                        "paginaFinal" => "797"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10215230"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with integrated positron-emission tomography and computed tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Lardinois"
                            1 => "W&#46; Weder"
                            2 => "T&#46;F&#46; Hany"
                            3 => "E&#46;M&#46; Kamel"
                            4 => "S&#46; Korom"
                            5 => "B&#46; Seifert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa022136"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "348"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2500"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2507"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12815135"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Etiology of solitary extrapulmonary positron emission tomography and computed tomography findings in patients with lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Lardinois"
                            1 => "W&#46; Weder"
                            2 => "M&#46; Roudas"
                            3 => "G&#46;K&#46; von Schulthess"
                            4 => "M&#46; Tutic"
                            5 => "H&#46; Moch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2005.10.116"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6846"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6853"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16192576"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detection of extrathoracic metastases by positron emission tomography in lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Weder"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Schmid"
                            2 => "H&#46; Bruchhaus"
                            3 => "S&#46; Hillinger"
                            4 => "G&#46;K&#46; von Schulthess"
                            5 => "H&#46;C&#46; Steinert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Surg"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "886"
                        "paginaFinal" => "893"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9768946"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Grupo Cooperativo del Carcinoma Broncog&#233;nico&#46; Pauta de Carcinoma Broncog&#233;nico&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.mbeneumologia.org/pautaCB">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;mbeneumologia&#46;org&#47;pautaCB</a> &#40;accessed November 12&#44; 2009&#41;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small cell lung cancer&#58; the PLUS multicentre randomised trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Van Tinteren"
                            1 => "O&#46;S&#46; Hoekstra"
                            2 => "E&#46;F&#46; Smit"
                            3 => "J&#46;H&#46; van den Bergh"
                            4 => "A&#46;J&#46; Schreurs"
                            5 => "R&#46;A&#46; Stallaert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "359"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1392"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11978336"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0735109798002344"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "07351097"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "FDG-PET in staging lung cancer how does it change the algorithm&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;F&#46; Verhagen"
                            1 => "G&#46;P&#46; Bootsma"
                            2 => "V&#46;C&#46; Tjan-Heijnen"
                            3 => "G&#46;J&#46; van der Wilt"
                            4 => "A&#46;L&#46; Cox"
                            5 => "M&#46;H&#46; Brouwer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.lungcan.2003.11.007"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lung Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "175"
                        "paginaFinal" => "181"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15084382"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "F-FDG PET&#47;CT in the evaluation of adrenal masses"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "U&#46; Metser"
                            1 => "E&#46; Miller"
                            2 => "H&#46; Lerman"
                            3 => "G&#46; Lievshitz"
                            4 => "S&#46; Avital"
                            5 => "E&#46; Even-Sapir"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32"
                        "paginaFinal" => "37"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16391184"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adrenal nodules at FDG PET&#47;CT in patients known to have or suspected of having lung cancer&#58; a proposal for an efficient diagnostic algorithm"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;J&#46; Brady"
                            1 => "J&#46; Thomas"
                            2 => "T&#46;Z&#46; Wong"
                            3 => "K&#46;M&#46; Franklin"
                            4 => "L&#46;M&#46; Ho"
                            5 => "E&#46;K&#46; Paulson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1148/radiol.2502080219"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiology"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "250"
                        "paginaInicial" => "523"
                        "paginaFinal" => "530"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19188319"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "18F-FDG PET in evaluation of adrenal lesions in patients with lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Kumar"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Xiu"
                            2 => "J&#46;Q&#46; Yu"
                            3 => "A&#46; Takalkar"
                            4 => "G&#46; El-Haddad"
                            5 => "S&#46; Potenta"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2058"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2062"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585482"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence and patterns of bone metastases detected with positron emission tomography using F-18 FDG"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Nakamoto"
                            1 => "M&#46; Osman"
                            2 => "R&#46;L&#46; Wahl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.RLU.0000057556.54046.7A"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "302"
                        "paginaFinal" => "307"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12642709"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of whole-body FDG-PET to bone scanfor detection of bone metastases in patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;K&#46; Cheran"
                            1 => "J&#46;E&#46; Herndon"
                            2 => "E&#46;F&#46; Patz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.lungcan.2003.11.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lung Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "317"
                        "paginaFinal" => "325"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15140545"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy comparison between &#40;18&#41;F-FDG PET&#47;CT and bone scintigraphy in detecting bony metastases of nonsmall-cell lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;W&#46; Song"
                            1 => "Y&#46;M&#46; Oh"
                            2 => "T&#46;S&#46; Shim"
                            3 => "W&#46;S&#46; Kim"
                            4 => "J&#46;S&#46; Ryu"
                            5 => "C&#46;M&#46; Choi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.12.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lung Cancer"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "333"
                        "paginaFinal" => "338"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19144446"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "F-18 Na F PET for detection of bone metastases in lung cancer&#58; accuracy&#44; cost-effectiveness&#44; and impact on patient management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Hetzel"
                            1 => "C&#46; Arslandemir"
                            2 => "H&#46;H&#46; K&#246;nig"
                            3 => "A&#46;K&#46; Buck"
                            4 => "K&#46; N&#252;ssle"
                            5 => "G&#46; Glatting"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.12.2206"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Bone Miner Res"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2206"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2214"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14672356"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with positron-emission tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;M&#46; Pieterman"
                            1 => "J&#46;W&#46; van Putten"
                            2 => "J&#46;J&#46; Meuzelaar"
                            3 => "E&#46;L&#46; Mooyaart"
                            4 => "W&#46; Vaalburg"
                            5 => "G&#46;H&#46; Ko&#235;ter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200007273430404"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "343"
                        "paginaInicial" => "254"
                        "paginaFinal" => "261"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10911007"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pretreatment evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "American Thoracic Society&#47;European Respiratory Society"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.ats156.1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "156"
                        "paginaInicial" => "320"
                        "paginaFinal" => "332"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9230769"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidental detection of colon cancer by FDG positron emission tomography in patients examined for pulmonary nodules"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Zhuang"
                            1 => "M&#46; Hickeson"
                            2 => "T&#46;K&#46; Chacko"
                            3 => "P&#46;S&#46; Duarte"
                            4 => "K&#46;Z&#46; Nakhoda"
                            5 => "Q&#46; Feng"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "628"
                        "paginaFinal" => "632"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Significance of incidental 18F-FDG accumulations in the gastrointestinal tract in PET&#47;CT&#58; correlation with endoscopic and histopathologic results"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;M&#46; Kamel"
                            1 => "M&#46; Thumshirn"
                            2 => "K&#46; Truninger"
                            3 => "M&#46; Schiesser"
                            4 => "M&#46; Fried"
                            5 => "B&#46; Padberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.RLU.0000023887.12607.F2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "628"
                        "paginaFinal" => "632"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192279"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "PET&#47;CT detection of unexpected gastrointestinal foci of 18F- FDG uptake&#58; incidence&#44; localization patterns&#44; and clinical significance"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Israel"
                            1 => "N&#46; Yefremov"
                            2 => "R&#46; Bar-Shalom"
                            3 => "O&#46; Kagana"
                            4 => "A&#46; Frenkel"
                            5 => "Z&#46; Keidar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "758"
                        "paginaFinal" => "762"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15872347"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "18-F-Fluoro-2Deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of gastrointestinal malignancies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;B&#46; Chin"
                            1 => "R&#46;L&#46; Wahl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gut"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "iv23"
                        "paginaFinal" => "iv29"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12746265"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detection of unexpected additional primary malignancies with PET&#47;TC"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Ishimori"
                            1 => "P&#46;V&#46; Patel"
                            2 => "R&#46;L&#46; Wahl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46;Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "752"
                        "paginaFinal" => "757"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15872346"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Yield of brain 18F-FDG PET in evaluating patients with potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;E&#46; Posther"
                            1 => "L&#46;M&#46; McCall"
                            2 => "D&#46;H&#46; Harpole"
                            3 => "C&#46;E&#46; Reed"
                            4 => "J&#46;B&#46; Putnam"
                            5 => "V&#46;W&#46; Rusch"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Nucl Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1607"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1611"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015895"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cerebral lesions incidentally detected on 2-deoxy-2-&#91;18F&#93;fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography images of patients evaluated for body malignancies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Ludwig"
                            1 => "T&#46; Komori"
                            2 => "D&#46; Kolb"
                            3 => "W&#46;H&#46; Martin"
                            4 => "M&#46;P&#46; Sandler"
                            5 => "D&#46; Delbeke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mol Imaging Biol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "359"
                        "paginaFinal" => "362"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14537111"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700598/v1_201305150453/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9374"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700598/v1_201305150453/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212910700598?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 46. Issue 5.
Pages 238-243 (May 2010)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 46. Issue 5.
Pages 238-243 (May 2010)
Original Article
Full text access
Use of Positron Emission Tomography in Assessing Hidden Extrathoracic Metastasis in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Utilidad de la tomografía por emisión de positrones en la detección de metástasis ocultas extratorácicas en el carcinoma broncogénico no células pequeñas
Visits
4374
Rodrigo Alonso Moralejoa,
Corresponding author
ralonsomoralejo@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Javier Sayas Catalána, Ricardo García Lujána, Mónica Coronado Poggiob, Eduard Monsó Molasc, Ángel López Encuentraa
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Introduction

Positron emission tomography combined with computed axial tomography (PET/CT) is used for staging non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to describe PET/CT findings of unsuspected extrathoracic metastasis when used in mediastinal evaluation of patients with apparently resectable NSCLC.

Patients and method

Prospective and concurrent study including all NSCLC patients between June 2004 and November 2006 who underwent PET/CT after considering them as candidates for surgery, with resectable disease after bronchoscopy, thorax and abdominal CT, brain CT and bone gammagraphy evaluation, if metastasis at these locations were suspected. Metastasis were confirmed histopathologically or assumed when they had a compatible evolution.

Results

A total of 91 patients with NSCLC underwent PET/CT. In 24 of them (26%) at least one suspicious extrathoracic uptake was seen. In 7 patients (7.7%) those uptakes were NSCLC extrathoracic metastasis hidden from conventional staging. In 3 of these cases (13.1%) extrathoracic uptakes corresponded to metacrhonous tumours or pre-malignant conditions. Benign lesions were found in 12 patients (13.1%), and in 2 cases (2.2%) the uptake origins were undetermined.

Conclusions

PET/CT is a complementary diagnosis method for assessing hidden metastases which could modify the therapeutical approach in patients otherwise suitable for surgery.

Keywords:
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Positron emission tomography
Clinical staging
Hidden metastases
Resumen
Introducción

La tomografía de emisión de positrones asociada a la tomografía axial computerizada (PET/ TC) se utiliza en la estadificación del carcinoma broncogénico no microcítico (CBNM). El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la utilidad de la PET/TC en la estadificación clínica del CBNM para la detección de metástasis extratorácicas insospechadas en una población operable con un tumor aparentemente resecable antes de la evaluación ganglionar mediastínica pretoracotomí.

Pacientes y método

Estudio prospectivo y concurrente de todos los casos de CBNM recogidos entre junio 2004 y noviembre 2006, a los que se realizó una PET/TC tras considerar al paciente operable y al tumor resecable tras realizar broncoscopia, TC toracoabdominal, y TC cerebral o gammagrafía ósea si hubiesen datos clínicos sugerentes de metástasis a esos niveles. La metástasis fueron confirmadas por evidencia citohistológica o por la evolución.

Resultados

Se realizó una PET/TC a 91 pacientes con CBNM. En 24 pacientes (26%) se objetivó la existencia de, al menos, una captación extratorácica. En 7 pacientes (7,7%) la captación correspondió a una metástasis extratorácica del CBNM, oculta a la estadificacion convencional. En 3 casos (3,2%) la captación extratorácica correspondió a lesiones premalignas o a un segundo tumor primario. En 12 pacientes (13,1%) el hallazgo correspondía a lesiones benignas, y finalmente en 2 casos (2,2%) no se pudo determinar el origen de la captación.

Conclusiones

La PET/TC indicada en pacientes operables con CBNM potencialmente resecables supone un elemento diagnóstico de utilidad en la detección de metástasis ocultas que afecta a la toma de decisiones terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma broncogénico
Tomografía de emisión de positrones
Estadificación clínica
Metástasis ocultas
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
Mortalidad por cáncer en España. Área de Epidemiología Ambiental y Cáncer. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministry of Health, Spain. 5/2004 update. Available from: www.ine.es.
[2.]
G. Estrada Trigueros, L. Comeche, A. López Encuentra, J. Montoro Zulueta, F. González Garrido, F. Colina.
Bronchogenic carcinoma 2000–2001: characteristics and overall survival.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 594-598
[3.]
G.A. Silvestri, M.K. Gould, M.L. Margolis, L.T. Tanoue, D. McCrory, E. Toloza, et al.
Non invasive staging of non-small cell lung cancer*ACCP Evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd Edition).
Chest, 132 (2007), pp. 178S-201S
[4.]
I. Márquez Rodas, J. De Miguel Díez, J.L. Álvarez-Sala.
La tomografía por emisión de positrones en el estudio del nódulo pulmonar solitario.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 493-498
[5.]
A. Maldonado, F.J. González-Alenda, M. Alonso, J.M. Sierra.
Utilidad de la tomografía por emisión de positrones-tomografía computarizada (PET-TC) en neumología.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 562-572
[6.]
F. Pozo-Rodríguez, J.L. Martín de Nicolás, M.A. Sánchez-Nistal, A. Maldonado, S. García de Barajas, R. Calero-García, et al.
Accuracy of helical computed tomography and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for identifying lymph node mediastinal metastases in potentially resectable non-small-cell lung cancer.
J.Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), pp. 8348-8356
[7.]
C.A. Saunders, J.E. Dussek, M.J. O’Doherty, M.N. Maisey.
Evaluation of fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose whole body positron emission tomography imaging in the staging of lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 67 (1999), pp. 790-797
[8.]
D. Lardinois, W. Weder, T.F. Hany, E.M. Kamel, S. Korom, B. Seifert, et al.
Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with integrated positron-emission tomography and computed tomography.
N Engl J Med, 348 (2003), pp. 2500-2507
[9.]
D. Lardinois, W. Weder, M. Roudas, G.K. von Schulthess, M. Tutic, H. Moch, et al.
Etiology of solitary extrapulmonary positron emission tomography and computed tomography findings in patients with lung cancer.
J Clin Oncol, 23 (2005), pp. 6846-6853
[10.]
W. Weder, R.A. Schmid, H. Bruchhaus, S. Hillinger, G.K. von Schulthess, H.C. Steinert, et al.
Detection of extrathoracic metastases by positron emission tomography in lung cancer.
Ann Thorac Surg, 66 (1998), pp. 886-893
[11.]
Grupo Cooperativo del Carcinoma Broncogénico. Pauta de Carcinoma Broncogénico. http://www.mbeneumologia.org/pautaCB (accessed November 12, 2009).
[12.]
H. Van Tinteren, O.S. Hoekstra, E.F. Smit, J.H. van den Bergh, A.J. Schreurs, R.A. Stallaert, et al.
Effectiveness of positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected non-small cell lung cancer: the PLUS multicentre randomised trial.
Lancet, 359 (2002), pp. 1388-1392
[13.]
A.F. Verhagen, G.P. Bootsma, V.C. Tjan-Heijnen, G.J. van der Wilt, A.L. Cox, M.H. Brouwer, et al.
FDG-PET in staging lung cancer how does it change the algorithm?.
Lung Cancer, 44 (2004), pp. 175-181
[14.]
U. Metser, E. Miller, H. Lerman, G. Lievshitz, S. Avital, E. Even-Sapir.
F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of adrenal masses.
J Nucl Med, 47 (2006), pp. 32-37
[15.]
M.J. Brady, J. Thomas, T.Z. Wong, K.M. Franklin, L.M. Ho, E.K. Paulson.
Adrenal nodules at FDG PET/CT in patients known to have or suspected of having lung cancer: a proposal for an efficient diagnostic algorithm.
Radiology, 250 (2009), pp. 523-530
[16.]
R. Kumar, Y. Xiu, J.Q. Yu, A. Takalkar, G. El-Haddad, S. Potenta, et al.
18F-FDG PET in evaluation of adrenal lesions in patients with lung cancer.
J Nucl Med, 45 (2004), pp. 2058-2062
[17.]
Y. Nakamoto, M. Osman, R.L. Wahl.
Prevalence and patterns of bone metastases detected with positron emission tomography using F-18 FDG.
Clin Nucl Med, 28 (2003), pp. 302-307
[18.]
S.K. Cheran, J.E. Herndon, E.F. Patz.
Comparison of whole-body FDG-PET to bone scanfor detection of bone metastases in patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer.
Lung Cancer, 44 (2004), pp. 317-325
[19.]
J.W. Song, Y.M. Oh, T.S. Shim, W.S. Kim, J.S. Ryu, C.M. Choi.
Efficacy comparison between (18)F-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy in detecting bony metastases of nonsmall-cell lung cancer.
Lung Cancer, 65 (2009), pp. 333-338
[20.]
M. Hetzel, C. Arslandemir, H.H. König, A.K. Buck, K. Nüssle, G. Glatting, et al.
F-18 Na F PET for detection of bone metastases in lung cancer: accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and impact on patient management.
J Bone Miner Res, 18 (2003), pp. 2206-2214
[21.]
R.M. Pieterman, J.W. van Putten, J.J. Meuzelaar, E.L. Mooyaart, W. Vaalburg, G.H. Koëter, et al.
Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer with positron-emission tomography.
N Engl J Med, 343 (2000), pp. 254-261
[22.]
American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society.
Pretreatment evaluation of non-small-cell lung cancer.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156 (1997), pp. 320-332
[23.]
H. Zhuang, M. Hickeson, T.K. Chacko, P.S. Duarte, K.Z. Nakhoda, Q. Feng, et al.
Incidental detection of colon cancer by FDG positron emission tomography in patients examined for pulmonary nodules.
Clin Nucl Med, 9 (2002), pp. 628-632
[24.]
E.M. Kamel, M. Thumshirn, K. Truninger, M. Schiesser, M. Fried, B. Padberg, et al.
Significance of incidental 18F-FDG accumulations in the gastrointestinal tract in PET/CT: correlation with endoscopic and histopathologic results.
Clin Nucl Med, 27 (2002), pp. 628-632
[25.]
O. Israel, N. Yefremov, R. Bar-Shalom, O. Kagana, A. Frenkel, Z. Keidar, et al.
PET/CT detection of unexpected gastrointestinal foci of 18F- FDG uptake: incidence, localization patterns, and clinical significance.
J Nucl Med, 46 (2005), pp. 758-762
[26.]
B.B. Chin, R.L. Wahl.
18-F-Fluoro-2Deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of gastrointestinal malignancies.
Gut, 52 (2003), pp. iv23-iv29
[27.]
T. Ishimori, P.V. Patel, R.L. Wahl.
Detection of unexpected additional primary malignancies with PET/TC.
J.Nucl Med, 46 (2005), pp. 752-757
[28.]
K.E. Posther, L.M. McCall, D.H. Harpole, C.E. Reed, J.B. Putnam, V.W. Rusch, et al.
Yield of brain 18F-FDG PET in evaluating patients with potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer.
J Nucl Med, 47 (2006), pp. 1607-1611
[29.]
V. Ludwig, T. Komori, D. Kolb, W.H. Martin, M.P. Sandler, D. Delbeke.
Cerebral lesions incidentally detected on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography images of patients evaluated for body malignancies.
Mol Imaging Biol, 4 (2002), pp. 359-362
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?