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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of interleukin 8 &#40;IL-8&#41; in the bronchoalveolar lavage &#40;BAL&#41; fluid from donor lungs and assess the role of IL-8 levels in the development of primary graft failure&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twenty patients who received a double lung transplant were studied&#46; A series of data&#44; including BAL fluid concentrations of IL-8&#44; were collected for the donors&#46; Data collected for the recipients included arterial blood gases after 6&#44; 24&#44; and 48 hours&#44; and intubation time&#46; Patients with a ratio of PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> to the fraction of inspired oxygen &#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; of less than 300 during the first 48 hours were diagnosed with primary graft failure&#46; IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay&#46; Associations between the donor variables and IL-8 concentrations were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient &#40;&#961;&#41; and the Mann-Whitney test for categorical and continuous variables&#44; respectively&#46; Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fifteen of the 20 donors were men&#46; The cause of brain death was trauma in 9 donors&#44; 7 were smokers&#44; 13 required inotropic support&#44; and pathogens were isolated in the BAL fluid of 18&#46; The median age was 35 years &#40;interquartile range &#91;IQR&#93;&#44; 23&#46;5-51&#46;25 y&#41;&#44; the median ventilation time was 1 day &#40;IQR&#44; 1-2 d&#41;&#44; the median PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> was 459&#46;5 &#40;IQR&#44; 427-510&#46;25&#41;&#44; and the median IL-8 concentration in BAL fluid was 49&#46;01 ng&#47;L &#40;IQR&#44; 7&#46;86-94&#46;05 ng&#47;mL&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ten of the recipients were men and the median age was 48&#46;43 years &#40;IQR&#44; 25&#46;4-56&#46;81 y&#41;&#46; The median ischemic time was 210 minutes &#40;IQR&#44; 176&#46;25-228&#46;75 min&#41; for the first lung and 300 minutes &#40;IQR&#44; 273&#46;75-333&#46;73 min&#41; for the second lung&#46; The median PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> ratio for the implant at 6&#44; 14&#44; and 48 hours was 329 &#40;IQR&#44; 190&#46;25-435&#41;&#44; 363&#46;5 &#40;IQR&#44; 249-434&#46;75&#41;&#44; and 370&#46;5 &#40;IQR&#44; 243&#46;25-418&#46;25&#41;&#44; respectively&#46; The median intubation time was 39&#46;5 hours &#40;IQR&#44; 19&#46;25-68&#46;5 h&#41; and the correlation with IL-8 values was positive&#58; higher IL-8 concentrations in BAL fluid correlated with longer ventilation times &#40;Spearman rank correlation&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;007&#59; &#961;&#61;0&#46;583&#41;&#46; Five patients developed primary graft failure&#59; IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in these patients than in those whose grafts did not fail &#40;Mann-Whitney test&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;003&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">High IL-8 concentrations in donor BAL fluid lead to longer ventilation time in the recipients and favor the development of primary graft failure after lung transplant&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n y objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El prop&#243;sito del estudio es conocer el papel que las concentraciones de interleucina-8 &#40;IL-8&#41; en el lavado broncoalveolar &#40;BAL&#41; del donante pulmonar desempe&#241;an en el desarrollo de la disfunci&#243;n primaria del injerto pulmonar &#40;DPIP&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha analizado a 20 pacientes que recibieron un trasplante bipulmonar&#46; Se recogi&#243; una serie de datos del donante&#44; incluida la concentraci&#243;n de IL-8 en el BAL&#46; Del receptor se registraron los valores gasom&#233;tricos a las 6&#44; 24 y 48 h del implante&#44; as&#237; como el tiempo de intubaci&#243;n&#46; Los pacientes con un cociente presi&#243;n arterial de ox&#237;geno &#40;PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41;&#47;fracci&#243;n inspiratoria de ox&#237;geno &#40;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#41; inferior a 300 mmHg durante las primeras 48 h se clasificaron como pacientes que hab&#237;an desarrollado DPIP&#46; La determinaci&#243;n de IL-8 se realiz&#243; mediante enzimoinmunoan&#225;lisis&#46; La posible asociaci&#243;n entre las variables de los donantes y las concentraciones de IL-8 se evalu&#243; mediante la r de Spearman y el test de Mann-Whitney&#44; seg&#250;n las variables fueran continuas o categ&#243;ricas&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariante se utiliz&#243; la regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De los 20 donantes estudiados&#44; 15 eran varones&#46; En 9 la causa de la muerte cerebral fue traum&#225;tica&#44; 7 eran fumadores activos&#44; 13 precisaron soporte inotr&#243;pico y en 18 se aislaron g&#233;rmenes en el BAL&#46; La mediana de edad fue de 35 a&#241;os &#40;rango intercuart&#237;lico &#91;RIC&#93;&#58; 23&#44;5-51&#44;25&#41;&#44; el tiempo de ventilaci&#243;n asistida fue de un d&#237;a &#40;RIC&#58; 1-2&#41;&#44; el cociente PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> fue 459&#44;5 &#40;RIC&#58; 427-510&#44;25&#41; y la concentraci&#243;n de IL-8 obtenida en el BAL fue de 49&#44;01 ng&#47;l &#40;RIC&#58; 7&#44;86-94&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a los receptores&#44; 10 eran varones y la mediana de la edad fue de 48&#44;43 a&#241;os &#40;RIC&#58; 25&#44;4-56&#44;81&#41;&#46; El tiempo de isquemia para el primer pulm&#243;n fue de 210 min &#40;RIC&#58; 176&#44;25-228&#44;75&#41; y para el segundo&#44; 300 min &#40;RIC&#58; 273&#44;75-333&#44;73&#41;&#46; El cociente PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> a las 6&#59; 24&#44; y 48 h del implante fue de 329 &#40;RIC&#58; 190&#44;25-435&#41;&#44; 363&#44;5 &#40;RIC&#58; 249-434&#44;75&#41; y 370&#44;5 &#40;RIC&#58; 243&#44;25-418&#44;25&#41;&#44; respectivamente&#46; El tiempo de intubaci&#243;n fue de 39&#44;5 h &#40;RIC&#58; 19&#44;25-68&#44;5&#41; y su correlaci&#243;n con los valores de IL-8 result&#243; positiva&#44; ya que&#44; cuanto mayor era la concentraci&#243;n de IL-8 en el BAL&#44; m&#225;s tiempo de ventilaci&#243;n asistida precis&#243; el paciente &#40;test de Spearman&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;007&#59; r &#61; 0&#44;583&#41;&#46; Desarrollaron DPIP 5 pacientes&#44; en los que la concentraci&#243;n de IL-8 fue significativamente mayor que en quienes no presentaron dicho cuadro cl&#237;nico &#40;test de Mann-Whitney&#44; p &#61; 0&#44;003&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las concentraciones elevadas de IL-8 en el BAL del donante condicionan un mayor tiempo de ventilaci&#243;n asistida en el receptor de trasplante y favorecen el desarrollo de DPIP&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 45. Issue 1.
Pages 12-15 (January 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 1.
Pages 12-15 (January 2009)
Original Article
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Interleukin 8 Concentrations in Donor Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Impact on Primary Graft Failure in Double Lung Transplant
Interleucina-8 en el lavado broncoalveolar del donante y su impacto en la disfunción primaria del injerto en el trasplante bipulmonar
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María Almenara, José Ceróna, M. Dolores Gómezb, Juan C. Peñalvera, M. José Jiménezb, José Padillaa,
Corresponding author
jpadilla@comv.es

Corresponding author.
a Unidad de Trasplante Pulmonar-Fibrosis Quística, Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Background and Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from donor lungs and assess the role of IL-8 levels in the development of primary graft failure.

Patients and Methods

Twenty patients who received a double lung transplant were studied. A series of data, including BAL fluid concentrations of IL-8, were collected for the donors. Data collected for the recipients included arterial blood gases after 6, 24, and 48 hours, and intubation time. Patients with a ratio of PaO2 to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of less than 300 during the first 48 hours were diagnosed with primary graft failure. IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations between the donor variables and IL-8 concentrations were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) and the Mann-Whitney test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.

Results

Fifteen of the 20 donors were men. The cause of brain death was trauma in 9 donors, 7 were smokers, 13 required inotropic support, and pathogens were isolated in the BAL fluid of 18. The median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23.5-51.25 y), the median ventilation time was 1 day (IQR, 1-2 d), the median PaO2/FiO2 was 459.5 (IQR, 427-510.25), and the median IL-8 concentration in BAL fluid was 49.01 ng/L (IQR, 7.86-94.05 ng/mL).

Ten of the recipients were men and the median age was 48.43 years (IQR, 25.4-56.81 y). The median ischemic time was 210 minutes (IQR, 176.25-228.75 min) for the first lung and 300 minutes (IQR, 273.75-333.73 min) for the second lung. The median PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the implant at 6, 14, and 48 hours was 329 (IQR, 190.25-435), 363.5 (IQR, 249-434.75), and 370.5 (IQR, 243.25-418.25), respectively. The median intubation time was 39.5 hours (IQR, 19.25-68.5 h) and the correlation with IL-8 values was positive: higher IL-8 concentrations in BAL fluid correlated with longer ventilation times (Spearman rank correlation, P=.007; ρ=0.583). Five patients developed primary graft failure; IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher in these patients than in those whose grafts did not fail (Mann-Whitney test, P=.003).

Conclusion

High IL-8 concentrations in donor BAL fluid lead to longer ventilation time in the recipients and favor the development of primary graft failure after lung transplant.

Keywords:
Lung donor
Interleukin 8
Primary lung graft failure
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

El propósito del estudio es conocer el papel que las concentraciones de interleucina-8 (IL-8) en el lavado broncoalveolar (BAL) del donante pulmonar desempeñan en el desarrollo de la disfunción primaria del injerto pulmonar (DPIP).

Pacientes y método

Se ha analizado a 20 pacientes que recibieron un trasplante bipulmonar. Se recogió una serie de datos del donante, incluida la concentración de IL-8 en el BAL. Del receptor se registraron los valores gasométricos a las 6, 24 y 48 h del implante, así como el tiempo de intubación. Los pacientes con un cociente presión arterial de oxígeno (PaO2)/fracción inspiratoria de oxígeno (FiO2) inferior a 300 mmHg durante las primeras 48 h se clasificaron como pacientes que habían desarrollado DPIP. La determinación de IL-8 se realizó mediante enzimoinmunoanálisis. La posible asociación entre las variables de los donantes y las concentraciones de IL-8 se evaluó mediante la r de Spearman y el test de Mann-Whitney, según las variables fueran continuas o categóricas. En el análisis multivariante se utilizó la regresión logística.

Resultados

De los 20 donantes estudiados, 15 eran varones. En 9 la causa de la muerte cerebral fue traumática, 7 eran fumadores activos, 13 precisaron soporte inotrópico y en 18 se aislaron gérmenes en el BAL. La mediana de edad fue de 35 años (rango intercuartílico [RIC]: 23,5-51,25), el tiempo de ventilación asistida fue de un día (RIC: 1-2), el cociente PaO2/FiO2 fue 459,5 (RIC: 427-510,25) y la concentración de IL-8 obtenida en el BAL fue de 49,01 ng/l (RIC: 7,86-94,05).

En cuanto a los receptores, 10 eran varones y la mediana de la edad fue de 48,43 años (RIC: 25,4-56,81). El tiempo de isquemia para el primer pulmón fue de 210 min (RIC: 176,25-228,75) y para el segundo, 300 min (RIC: 273,75-333,73). El cociente PaO2/FiO2 a las 6; 24, y 48 h del implante fue de 329 (RIC: 190,25-435), 363,5 (RIC: 249-434,75) y 370,5 (RIC: 243,25-418,25), respectivamente. El tiempo de intubación fue de 39,5 h (RIC: 19,25-68,5) y su correlación con los valores de IL-8 resultó positiva, ya que, cuanto mayor era la concentración de IL-8 en el BAL, más tiempo de ventilación asistida precisó el paciente (test de Spearman, p = 0,007; r = 0,583). Desarrollaron DPIP 5 pacientes, en los que la concentración de IL-8 fue significativamente mayor que en quienes no presentaron dicho cuadro clínico (test de Mann-Whitney, p = 0,003).

Conclusión

Las concentraciones elevadas de IL-8 en el BAL del donante condicionan un mayor tiempo de ventilación asistida en el receptor de trasplante y favorecen el desarrollo de DPIP.

Palabras clave:
Donante pulmonar
Interleucina-8
Disfunción primaria del injerto pulmonar
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