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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">School smoking prevention programs have never yielded the expected results&#46; The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of an intensive smoking prevention program created by the educational community in which it was to be applied&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Population and Method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 3-year smoking prevention program was carried out among the students of Fuentesa&#250;co Secondary School in Zamora&#44; Spain&#46; The Babilafuente Secondary School in Salamanca&#44; Spain was the control group&#46; The program included both prevention and treatment activities&#46; The former were carried out in the school&#44; in out-of-school situations&#44; and in the community&#46; The questionnaire of the European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach was used&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 417 students aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study&#46; Of these&#44; 54&#46;4&#37; belonged to the intervention group and 45&#46;6&#37; to the control group&#46; Smokers represented 36&#46;7&#37; of the population&#46; After the intervention smokers represented 40&#46;1&#37; of the Fuentesa&#250;co students compared with 46&#46;1&#37; of the Babilafuente students&#44; though the difference was not statistically significant&#46; With respect to the cognitive determinants of smoking behavior&#44; after the intervention significant differences in favor of the intervention group were only observed in the subjects&#8217; perception of the behavior of their siblings&#44; peers&#44; and teachers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The use of smoking prevention programs in schools should be reconsidered&#44; and their evaluation should be based on educational rather than clinical criteria&#46; Proposed changes in the program include decreasing its intensity&#44; starting with students of an earlier age and seeking greater involvement of parents&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n y objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los programas de prevenci&#243;n de tabaquismo en la escuela no han ofrecido nunca los resultados que era previsible esperar&#46; El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la eficacia de un programa intensivo de prevenci&#243;n del tabaquismo elaborado por la propia comunidad educativa en la que se va a desarrollar&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Poblaci&#243;n y m&#233;todo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un programa de intervenci&#243;n de tabaquismo&#44; de 3 a&#241;os de duraci&#243;n&#44; dirigido a los alumnos de ense&#241;anza secundaria del instituto de Fuentesa&#250;co &#40;Zamora&#41;&#46; El instituto de Babilafuente &#40;Salamanca&#41; ha sido el grupo control&#46; El programa constaba de actividades de prevenci&#243;n y actividades de tratamiento&#46; Las primeras se desarrollaron en el &#225;mbito tanto escolar como extraescolar y en la comunidad&#46; Se utiliz&#243; el cuestionario del proyecto ESFA&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Participaron 417 alumnos de 12-17 a&#241;os&#44; de los que el 54&#44;4&#37; pertenec&#237;a al grupo de intervenci&#243;n y el 45&#44;6&#37; al grupo control&#46; Fumaba el 36&#44;7&#37; de los alumnos&#46; Despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n fumaba el 40&#44;1&#37; de los alumnos de Fuentesa&#250;co frente al 46&#44;1&#37; de Babilafuente&#44; diferencia no significativa&#46; Con respecto a los determinantes cognitivos de la conducta fumadora&#44; despu&#233;s de la intervenci&#243;n &#250;nicamente se observaron diferencias significativas a favor del grupo de intervenci&#243;n en la conducta percibida de hermanos&#44; iguales y profesores&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Es preciso replantearse la realizaci&#243;n de programas de prevenci&#243;n de tabaquismo en la escuela y su evaluaci&#243;n con criterios cl&#237;nicos&#44; que deben sustituirse por criterios pedag&#243;gicos&#46; Se plantea corregir el programa disminuyendo su intensidad&#44; comenzar a edades m&#225;s tempranas e implicar m&#225;s a los padres de los alumnos&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 45. Issue 1.
Pages 16-23 (January 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 1.
Pages 16-23 (January 2009)
Original Article
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Program for the Prevention of Smoking in Secondary School Students
Programa de prevención del tabaquismo en alumnos de enseñanza secundaria
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Generoso Gómez Cruza, Miguel Barrueco Ferrerob,
Corresponding author
mibafe@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, Irene Aparicio Cocac, José Ángel Maderuelod, Miguel Torrecilla Garcíae
a Centro de Salud La Guareña, Fuentesaúco, Zamora, Spain
b Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
c Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria de Fuentesaúco, Fuentesaúco, Zamora, Spain
d Técnico de Salud, Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
e Centro de Salud San Juan, Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Background and Objective

School smoking prevention programs have never yielded the expected results. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of an intensive smoking prevention program created by the educational community in which it was to be applied.

Population and Method

A 3-year smoking prevention program was carried out among the students of Fuentesaúco Secondary School in Zamora, Spain. The Babilafuente Secondary School in Salamanca, Spain was the control group. The program included both prevention and treatment activities. The former were carried out in the school, in out-of-school situations, and in the community. The questionnaire of the European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach was used.

Results

A total of 417 students aged 12 to 17 years participated in the study. Of these, 54.4% belonged to the intervention group and 45.6% to the control group. Smokers represented 36.7% of the population. After the intervention smokers represented 40.1% of the Fuentesaúco students compared with 46.1% of the Babilafuente students, though the difference was not statistically significant. With respect to the cognitive determinants of smoking behavior, after the intervention significant differences in favor of the intervention group were only observed in the subjects’ perception of the behavior of their siblings, peers, and teachers.

Conclusions

The use of smoking prevention programs in schools should be reconsidered, and their evaluation should be based on educational rather than clinical criteria. Proposed changes in the program include decreasing its intensity, starting with students of an earlier age and seeking greater involvement of parents.

Keywords:
Smoking prevention
School programs
Smoking
Adolescents
Schools
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Los programas de prevención de tabaquismo en la escuela no han ofrecido nunca los resultados que era previsible esperar. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la eficacia de un programa intensivo de prevención del tabaquismo elaborado por la propia comunidad educativa en la que se va a desarrollar.

Población y método

Se ha realizado un programa de intervención de tabaquismo, de 3 años de duración, dirigido a los alumnos de enseñanza secundaria del instituto de Fuentesaúco (Zamora). El instituto de Babilafuente (Salamanca) ha sido el grupo control. El programa constaba de actividades de prevención y actividades de tratamiento. Las primeras se desarrollaron en el ámbito tanto escolar como extraescolar y en la comunidad. Se utilizó el cuestionario del proyecto ESFA.

Resultados

Participaron 417 alumnos de 12-17 años, de los que el 54,4% pertenecía al grupo de intervención y el 45,6% al grupo control. Fumaba el 36,7% de los alumnos. Después de la intervención fumaba el 40,1% de los alumnos de Fuentesaúco frente al 46,1% de Babilafuente, diferencia no significativa. Con respecto a los determinantes cognitivos de la conducta fumadora, después de la intervención únicamente se observaron diferencias significativas a favor del grupo de intervención en la conducta percibida de hermanos, iguales y profesores.

Conclusiones

Es preciso replantearse la realización de programas de prevención de tabaquismo en la escuela y su evaluación con criterios clínicos, que deben sustituirse por criterios pedagógicos. Se plantea corregir el programa disminuyendo su intensidad, comenzar a edades más tempranas e implicar más a los padres de los alumnos.

Palabras clave:
Prevención de tabaquismo
Programas escolares
Consumo de tabaco
Adolescentes
Centros escolares
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