Article information
Resumen
La prevalencia de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) se está incrementando en todo el mundo, fundamentalmente a expensas del aumento en las mujeres.
En los países desarrollados, la EPOC en la mujer es consecuencia, principalmente, de la exposición al humo de tabaco, y en los países en vías de desarrollo, a la inhalación de los productos de combustión de la biomasa. El infradiagnóstico de la EPOC es más común en las mujeres, ya que ha sido, clásicamente, asociada al sexo masculino. Además, la enfermedad presenta aspectos diferenciales en las mujeres como son: mayor expresión de los aspectos perceptivos (disnea y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud), elevada prevalencia de desnutrición, alta prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión y un patrón de distribución del enfisema diferente al de los varones.
Una mejor caracterización fenotípica de la EPOC en la mujer nos permitirá abordar, de modo apropiado, su impacto en el sistema sanitario y diseñar estrategias terapéuticas más individualizadas.
Palabras clave:
EPOC
Sexo
Aspectos diferenciales
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing worldwide, mainly due to the increase in women. In developed countries, COPD in women is mainly a result of exposure to tobacco smoke and in developing countries to inhalation of biomass combustion products.
Underdiagnosis of COPD is more common in women since this disease has classically been associated with men. Moreover, COPD in women shows certain differential features, such as a greater expression of aspects related to perception (dyspnea and health-related quality of life), a high prevalence of malnutrition, anxiety and depression, and a distinct distribution of emphysema from that in men. Better phenotypical characterization of COPD in women would allow its impact on the health system to be more accurately evaluated and more individualized therapeutic strategies to be designed.
Keywords:
COPD
Sex
Differential features
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