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Vol. 44. Issue 9.
Pages 464-470 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 9.
Pages 464-470 (January 2008)
Original Articles
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Asthma Incidence in Huelva, Spain at 2 Stages of Life: Childhood and Young Adulthood
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Antonio Pereira Vegaa,
Corresponding author
apv01h@saludalia.com

Correspondence: Dr A. Pereira Vega Puerto, 32, 7.º izqda 21001 Huelva, Spain
, José Luis Sánchez Ramosb, José Antonio Maldonado Péreza, Inmaculada Sánchez Rodrígueza, Francisco Luis Gil Muñoza, Domingo García Jiméneza
a Sección de Neumología, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
b Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Objective

Few studies have evaluated the incidence of asthma in Spain. Although more children than adults develop asthma every year, no study to date has analyzed the differences in incidence by following 2 age cohorts in the same geographical area. The aim of this study was to determine changes in wheezing, bronchial hyperreactivity, and asthma (in terms of onset, persistence, and remission), changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and asthma incidence in children (11–16 years) and young adults (20–44 years) in the city of Huelva, Spain.

Patients and methods

We analyzed data from 2 groups studied for the first time between 1991 and 1993 and for the second time after an average of 9 years. In the first period, data came from the Study of Respiratory Diseases in Huelva (714 children) and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey conducted in the city (271 adults). Both groups answered a respiratory symptom questionnaire, underwent spirometry testing, and completed a nonspecific bronchial challenge test with methacholine.

Results

In adults, onset was more common than remission for both wheezing (15.7% vs 6.9%, P=.011) and bronchial hyperreactivity (10.1% vs 3%, P=.017), and asthma incidence was 4.76 cases/1000 person-years. In children, there were more new cases than remissions for wheezing, (24.2% vs 4.3%, P=.001), bronchial hyperreactivity (13.9% vs 5.4%, P=.02), and asthma (9.3% vs 3%, P=.004). The incidence rate for asthma was 15.69 cases/1000 person-years in this age group. The annual decrease in lung function (FEV1) was highest in adults with wheezing (34.3 mL) and asthma (54.8 mL).

Conclusions

There were more new cases of wheezing and bronchial hyperreactivity than remissions in both children and young adults. Children had a 3.3-fold higher incidence of asthma than adults in Huelva.

Key words:
Asthma
Incidence
Age
Children and adults
Objetivo

Hay pocos estudios que valoren la incidencia de asma en nuestro país. Se sabe que es mayor en niños que en adultos, pero esta diferente incidencia no se ha comprobado mediante el seguimiento de 2 poblaciones de diferente edad en el mismo ámbito geográfico. El propósito de este trabajo ha sido determinar los cambios (aparición, persistencia y remisión) de sibilancias, hiperreactividad bronquial (HB) y asma, la evolución del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo y la incidencia anual de asma en niños (11–16 años) y adultos jóvenes (20–44 años) en la ciudad de Huelva.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha realizado una segunda evaluación en el seguimiento de 2 grupos estudiados entre 1991 y 1993 (714 niños del Estudio de Enfermedades Respiratorias de Huelva y 271 adultos del Estudio Europeo de Enfermedades Respiratorias), con un promedio de tiempo de 9 años. Se pasó a ambos grupos un cuestionario sobre síntomas respiratorios, además de efectuar una espirometría y una prueba de provocación bronquial inespecífica con metacolina.

Resultados

En los adultos se encontraron más nuevas apariciones (15,7%) que remisiones (6,9%) de sibilancias (p = 0,011) e HB (apariciones: 10,1%; remisiones: 3%; p = 0,017), con una incidencia anual de asma de 4,76 casos/1.000 personas-año. Los niños mostraron más nuevas apariciones (24,2%) que remisiones (4,3%) de sibilancias (p < 0,001), HB (un 13,9% de apariciones y un 5,4% de remisiones; p = 0,02) y asma (un 9,3% de apariciones y un 3% de remisiones; p = 0,004), con una incidencia anual de asma de 15,69 casos/1.000 personas-año. La pérdida anual de función pulmonar (volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo) fue más elevada en los adultos en los que aparecieron sibilancias (34,3 ml) y asma (54,8 ml).

Conclusiones

En ambas poblaciones, hay más nuevos casos de sibilancias e HB que remisiones. La incidencia anual de asma es 3,3 veces mayor en niños que en adultos en la ciudad de Huelva.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Incidencia
Edad
Jóvenes y adultos
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Study partially funded by Spanish Health Research grants FIS 99/0034 and FIS 99/0350.

Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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