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Vol. 44. Issue 9.
Pages 471-477 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 9.
Pages 471-477 (January 2008)
Original Articles
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Incidence and Characteristics of Adult-Onset Asthma
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4764
Xavier Casasa, Eduard Monsóa,b,
Corresponding author
emonso.germanstrias@gencat.cat

Correspondence: Dr E. Monsó Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol Ctra. del Canyet, s/n 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
, Xavier Orpellac, Ramona Hervása, Josep Anton Gonzálezc, Elisabeth Arellanoa, Carlos Martíneza, Gerardo Martínezd, Àlex Ascosad, Jesús Comínd, Rafael Ruizd, Berta Monsóe, Irma Casasf, Maria Estevef, Josep Moreraa
a Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
b Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), Bunyola, Mallorca, Spain
c Unidad de Salud Laboral Barcelonés Nord i Maresme, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
d Àreas Bàsiques de Salut del Barcelonés Nord i Maresme, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
e Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
f Servei de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Objective

To determine the incidence of adult-onset asthma, along with lung function and immunologic characteristics, causes, and clinical course of the disease.

Patients and methods

After identifying incident cases of asthma among adult residents of the district of North Barcelona, Spain, we proceeded to characterize the disease using a questionnaire, lung function tests, and skin allergy tests. Patients with an occupation associated with asthma, wheezing at work, and/or sensitization to workplace allergens were considered as having occupational asthma. The risk factors for developing chronic asthma were determined by multivariate analysis.

Results

In the 2-year study period, 218 incident cases of adult-onset asthma were identified (in a population of 68 067 adults, corresponding to an annual incidence of 160 per 100 000 per year). In total, 152 patients agreed to participate in the study (response rate, 70%); 140 reported wheezing and/or asthma in the last year (92%). The skin tests showed atopy in 57 cases (41%). Occupational asthma was diagnosed in 19 cases (14%). Domestic mammals were identified as causal agents in 8 patients (6%), drugs in 7 (5%), and environmental allergens in 44 (31%). Household cleaning was the occupation most frequently associated with the disease (26%). Of the 102 patients examined again after 2 years, 70 had chronic asthma (69%). Atopy (odds ratio [OR], 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–9.99) and risk occupation when the disease was diagnosed (OR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.05–29.11) were the factors associated with development of chronic disease.

Conclusions

Occupation was related to adult-onset asthma in a little over 10% of the cases and was the main determinant of the development of chronic symptoms.

Key words:
Asthma
Adult-onset asthma
Incidence
Occupational asthma
Household cleaning
Course
Chronic asthma
Atopy
Occupation
Objetivo

Determinar la incidencia del asma del adulto, junto con las características funcionales e inmunológicas de la enfermedad, sus causas y su evolución.

Pacientes y métodos

Tras la identificación de los habitantes de Barcelona Norte con un primer diagnóstico de asma del adulto, se procedió a la caracterización de la enfermedad por cuestionario, función respiratoria y pruebas cutáneas de alergia. Los pacientes con una ocupación causante de asma, sibilancias durante el trabajo y/o sensibilización a un alérgeno laboral se consideraron afectados de asma relacionada con la ocupación. Los factores de riesgo de cronificación del asma se determinaron por medio de análisis multivariante.

Resultados

En 2 años se identificaron 218 primeros diagnósticos de asma del adulto (población: 68.067 adultos; incidencia anual: 160/100.000). Aceptaron participar en el estudio 152 pacientes (índice de respuesta: 70%), de los que se caracterizó a 140 que referían sibilancias y/o asma bronquial en el último año (92%). Las pruebas cutáneas mostraron atopia en 57 casos (41%). Se diagnosticó asma relacionada con la ocupación en 19 casos (14%), por mamíferos domésticos en 8 (6%), por fármacos en 7 (5%) y por alérgenos ambientales en 44 (31%), siendo la limpieza doméstica la ocupación más frecuentemente asociada a la enfermedad (26%). De los 102 pacientes examinados de nuevo a los 2 años, 70 presentaban asma crónica (69%); la atopia (odds ratio [OR] = 3,39; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,15–9,99) y una ocupación de riesgo cuando se diagnosticó la enfermedad (OR = 5,54; IC del 95%, 1,05–29,11) fueron los factores de cronificación del asma.

Conclusiones

La ocupación del paciente está relacionada con el asma del adulto en algo más de una décima parte de los casos y es un determinante principal de la cronicidad de sus síntomas.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Asma del adulto
Incidencia
Asma relacionada con el trabajo
Limpieza doméstica
Evolución
Asma crónica
Atopia
Ocupación
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Study partly financed by the Catalan Foundation for Pulmonology and the Catalan Society for Pulmonology.

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