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Vol. 33. Issue 10.
Pages 503-508 (November 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 10.
Pages 503-508 (November 1997)
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Utilidad de la tomografía computarizada para el estudio del derrame pleural sin presunción diagnóstica
Usefulness of computed tomography for the study of pleural effusim with no presumed diagnosis
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V. Cabriada1, J.M. Antoñana, V. Sobradillo, I. Pascal, J.B. Gáldiz
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
J.M. Peña*
* Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
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El objetivo de este estudio ha sido establecer la rentabilidad diagnóstica de la tomografía computarizada (TC) en los derrames pleurales que quedan sin presunción diagnóstica tras el estudio habitual en la práctica clínica.

Se trata de un estudio prospectivo protocolizado en el que se incluyeron todos los derrames ingresados en nuestro servicio desde enero de 1994 hasta julio de 1995 que quedaron sin presunción diagnóstica tras un estudio inicial que incluyó la toracocentesis. Obtuvimos un grupo de 22 pacientes. A todos ellos se les realizó una TC, además de otras exploraciones complementarias que se consideraron indicadas y fueron remitidos a nuestras consultas externas para seguimiento. La TC fue leída en todos los casos por un radiólogo experto y su aportación fue clasificada como “diagnóstica”, “de sospecha” o “nula”.

Se logró un diagnóstico etiológico definitivo en 14 casos (8 neoplasias, 4 benignos del asbesto, una tuberculosis y un tromboembolismo pulmonar). La TC tuvo una aportación “nula” en 13 casos (59%), “diagnóstica” en seis (2 mesoteliomas, un hipemefroma, un linfoma, un adenocarcinoma de colon y otro de ovario) y “de sospecha” en tres (2 benignos del asbesto y un linfoma). En total ofreció información positiva en 9 casos (41%).

La TC ofrece un importante rendimiento en el estudio de los derrames pleurales sin presunción diagnóstica y debería ser realizada a este grupo de pacientes antes que otras exploraciones más invasivas. Es especialmente útil para detectar patología neoplásica de abdomen superior, mesotelioma y signos de exposición a asbesto no conocida.

Palabras clave:
Derrame pleural
Tomografía computarizada

To establish the diagnostic yield of computerized tomography (CT) in pleural effusions with no presumed diagnosis arising from standard clinical examination.

A prospective protocol study enrolling all cases of effusion admitted to our hospital between January 1994 through July 1995 without a presumed diagnosis after initial testing that included thoracocentesis. Twenty-two patients were enrolled. All were given a CT sean as well as other complementare examinations considered appropriate and were referred to our outpatient clinic for follow-up. The CT images were read by an expert radiologist and their contribution was classified as “diagnostic”, “suggestive” or “nil”.

A definitive etiologic diagnosis was achieved in 14 cases (8 neoplasms, 4 benign due to asbestos, 1 tuberculosis and 1 pulmonary embolism). The CT contribution was nil in 13 cases (59%), “diagnostic” in 6 (2 mesotheliomas, 1 hypernephroma, 1 lymphona, 1 adenocarcinoma of the colon and another of the ovary) and “suggestive” in 3 (2 benign due to asbestos and 1 lymphoma). Positive information was obtained in 9 cases (41%).

CT gives good yield in the investigation of pleural effusions with no presumed diagnosis and should be made available to this group of patients before other more invasive procedures are resorted to. It is especially useful for detecting neoplastic disease of the upper abdomen, mesothelioma and sings of unsuspected exposure to asbestos.

Key words:
Pleural effusion
Computed tomography
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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