Journal Information
Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 216-221 (May 1996)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 32. Issue 5.
Pages 216-221 (May 1996)
Full text access
Utilidad de la curva flujo volumen en la detección de estenosis fijas extratorácicas en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Utility of the flow-volume curve in detecting fixed extrathoracic stenosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Visits
8924
J.L. Izquierdo Alonso*,1, J.M. Rodríguez González-Moro**
* Sección de Neumología. Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara
** Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

La curva flujo volumen constituye la prueba no invasiva más habitual en el diagnóstico de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior. Con el objetivo de analizar su utilidad en la detección de obstrucciones fijas en la vía aérea superior en presencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), se realizaron curvas flujo volumen con maniobras inspiratorias y espiratorias máximas a 60 pacientes con EPOC y a 15 controles sanos. En todos los casos se hizo un estudio basal, repitiéndose posteriormente de forma aleatoria tras la aplicación de resistencias externas con un diámetro interno de 4, 6, 8 y 10 mm. Aunque se detectaron caídas significativas en el flujo espiratorio pico (PEF) y flujos inspiratorios (FIF50) con resistencias de 10 mm, incluso en el grupo con limitación ventilatoria muy grave, fue necesario reducir el diámetro interno a 6 mm para detectar cambios en el volumen espirado máximo en un segundo (FEV1). En los pacientes con valores basales inferiores al 50% del teórico, se necesitaron estenosis de 4 mm para provocar cambios en el FEV 1. La caída en el FEV1 y PEF se hizo menos evidente a medida que aumentaba la gravedad de la EPOC, correlacionándose en ambos casos con el porcentaje de FEV, basal sólo con diámetros de 6 mm (p < 0,01) y 4 mm (p < 0,001).

La sensibilidad de los índices más habituales utilizados en la detección de la obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, tales como el FEV1/PEF y el FEV1/FEV0,5, fue baja en las formas graves de EPOC, incluso con estenosis de 4 mm, obteniéndose sensibilidades inferiores al 50% en todos los grupos con diámetros superiores a 6 mm. Otros índices como el FEF50/FIF50 y el FEV1/FIV1 no mejoraron la rentabilidad diagnóstica.

Concluimos que, en presencia de EPOC, la curva flujo volumen puede no detectar adecuadamente la existencia de una obstrucción asociada en la vía aérea superior, por lo que, especialmente en los casos más graves, debe considerarse la necesidad de utilizar métodos diagnósticos alternativos.

Keywords:
Flow-volume curve
COPD
Obstruction
Upper airways

The flow-volume curve is the usual noninvasive diagnostic test for upper airways obstruction. In order to assess its usefulnes for the detection of fixed upper airwais obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we plotted flow-volume curves using maximum inspiratory and expiratory maneuvers in 60 COPD patients and in 15 healthy Controls. Baseline readings were taken, followed by readings after random application of fixed external resistances with diameters of 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm in all cases. Although PEF and FIF50 decreased signiflcantly with resistance of 10 mm, even in the group with the most severe ventilatory limitation, it was necessary to reduce the internal diameter to 6 mm to detect changes in FEV1. In patients with baseline values under 50% of theoretical values, 4 mm stenosis was required to provoke changes in FEV1. The fall in FEV, and PEF was less evident as the severity of COPD increased, with both parameters correlating with percent baseline FEV, only at diameters of 6 mm (p < 0.01) and 4 mm (p < 0.001).

The sensitivities of the usual indices for detecting upper airways obstruction, such as FEV1/PEF and FEV1/FEV0,5, were low (below 50%) in all groups at diameters over 6 mm, and in the most severe cases of COPD, even with stenosis of 4 mm. Ñor did other indices, such as FEF50/FIF50 and FEV,/FIV1, give better diagnostic yield.

We conclude that the flow-volume curve may not detect the existence of upper airways obstruction in COPD, and that in the most severely affected patients alternative diagnostic methods should therefore be considered.

Palabras clave:
Curva flujo volumen
EPOC
Obstrucción
Vía aérea superior
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
R.D. Miller, R.E. Hyatt.
Obstructing lesions of the larynx and trachea: clinical and physiological characteristics.
Mayo Clin Proc, 44 (1969), pp. 145-161
[2.]
M. Kryger, F. Bode, R. Antic, N. Anthonisen.
Diagnosis of obstruction of the upper and central airways.
Am J Med, 61 (1976), pp. 85-93
[3.]
D.W. Empey.
Assessment of upper airways obstruction.
Br Med J, 3 (1972), pp. 503-505
[4.]
T.F. Lavelle, H.H. Rotman, J.G. Weg.
Isoflow-volume curves in the diagnosis of upper airway obstruction.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 117 (1978), pp. 845-852
[5.]
W.G. Vincken.
Spirometric tests of upper airway obstruction (UAO). A re-evaluation [resumen].
Am Rev Respir Dis, 137 (1988), pp. 379
[6.]
American Thoracic Society.
Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 136 (1987), pp. 225-243
[7.]
R.J. Knudson, R.C. Slatin, M.D. Lebowitz, B. Burrows.
The maximal expiratory flow-volume curve.
Normal standards, variability, and effects of age. Am Rev Respir Dis, 113 (1976), pp. 587-600
[8.]
R. Peslin, A. Bohadana, B. Hannhart, P. Jardin.
Comparison of various methods for reading maximal expiratory flow-volume curves.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 119 (1979), pp. 271-277
[9.]
M. Polverino, H. Ghezzo, J. Marin, P. De Lucas, M.G. Cosío.
Normal standards for diagnostic tests of upper airway obstruction (UAO) [resumen].
Am Rev Respir Dis, 137 (1988), pp. 163
[10.]
C. Lisboa, J. Jardim, E. Angus, P.T. Macklem.
Is extrathoracic airway obstruction important in asthma?.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 122 (1980), pp. 115-121
[11.]
B. Simonsson, R. Malmberg.
Differentiation between localized and generalized airway obstruction.
Thorax, 19 (1964), pp. 416-419
[12.]
J. Jordanoglou, N.B. Pride.
A comparison of maximum inspiratory and expiratory flow in health an in lung disease.
Thorax, 23 (1968), pp. 38-45
[13.]
R.D. Miller, R.E. Hyatt.
Evaluation of obstructing lesions of the trachea and larynx by flow-volume loops.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 108 (1973), pp. 475-481
[14.]
N.L. Lapp, R.E. Hyatt.
Some factors affecting the relationship of maximal expiratory flow to lung volume in health and disease.
Chest, 51 (1967), pp. 475
[15.]
D.L. Fry.
Theoretical considerations of the bronchial pressure-flow volume relationships with particular reference to the máximum expiratory flow volume curve.
Phys Med Biol, 3 (1958), pp. 174-194
[16.]
D.L. Fry, R.E. Hyatt.
Pulmonary mechanics: a unified analysis of the relationship between pressure, volume and gas flow in the lungs of normal and diseased human subjects.
Am J Med, 29 (1960), pp. 672-689
[17.]
G. Gamsu, B. Borson, W.R. Webb, J.H. Cunningham.
Structure and function in tracheal stenosis.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 121 (1980), pp. 519-531
[18.]
D.R. Robertson, C.R. Swinburn, T.N. Stone, G.J. Gibson.
Effects of an external resistance of maximum flow in chronic obstructive lung disease: implications for recognition of coincident upper airway obstruction.
Thorax, 44 (1989), pp. 461-468
[19.]
G.R. Owens, D.M.F. Murphy.
Spirometric diagnosis of upper airway obstruction.
Arch Intern Med, 143 (1983), pp. 1.331-1.334
[20.]
N.B. Pride.
The assessment of airflow obstruction.
Role of measurement of airways resistance and of tests of forced expiration. Br J Dis Chest, 65 (1971), pp. 135-169
[21.]
P.J. Despas, M. Leroux, P.T. Macklem.
Site of airway obstruction in asthma as determined by measuring maximal expiratory flow breathing air and helium-oxygen mixture.
J Clin Invest, 31 (1972), pp. 3.235-3.243
[22.]
D.P. Schilder, A.R. Roberts, D.L. Fry.
Effect of gas density and viscosity of the maximal expiratory flow-volumen relationship.
J Clin Invest, 42 (1963), pp. 1.705-1.713
[23.]
D.B. Teculescu, C. Prefaut.
Why did density dependence of maximal expiratory flows not become a useful epidemiological tool?.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 23 (1987), pp. 639-648
[24.]
J.A. Meadows, J.R. Rodarte, R.E. Hyatt.
Density dependence of maximal flow in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [resumen].
Physiologist, 21 (1978), pp. 79
Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?