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Vol. 31. Issue 6.
Pages 264-269 (June - July 1995)
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Vol. 31. Issue 6.
Pages 264-269 (June - July 1995)
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Un modelo morfométrico de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad en la rata vieja
A morphometric model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the aging rat
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J. de D. Escolar1, E. Alfaro, P.A. Roche, B. Gallego
Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital Real y Provincial. Zaragoza
C. Almajano*
* Sección de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Real y Provincial. Zaragoza
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Se pretende desarrollar un modelo experimental de neumonitis por hipersensibilidad en la rata vieja. Para ello, se propone la siguiente hipótesis: la neumonitis por hipersensibilidad en la rata vieja se manifestará por alteraciones de la fórmula celular del lavado broncoalveolar y aumento del componente tisular del intersticio alveolar. Se han utilizado 60 animales con una media de edad de 18 meses organizados en 2 grupos: grupo 1, animales sanos, no tratados; grupo 2, animales enfermos, que se expusieron a seroalbúmina bovina (AB). Se realizó lavado broncoalveolar (BAL) y estudio morfométrico del pulmón. En el BAL se procedió al recuento porcentual de linfocitos, leucocitos polimorfonucleares y macrófagos alveolares; las variables morfométricas estudiadas fueron: índice de intersección lineal media (Lm), cuerda alveolar, grosor de pared, densidad de tejido y número de mediciones de cuerda alveolar. De los resultados se destaca que los animales enfermos presentaron, al compararlos con los sanos, un aumento del porcentaje de linfocitos del BAL, disminución del Lm, de la cuerda alveolar y del grosor de pared, junto a un aumento de la densidad de tejido y del número de mediciones, siendo todo ello estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,001). Estos resultados nos inducen a considerar que la exposición a AB en la rata vieja produce aumento de linfocitos en el BAL y del componente intersticial del alveolo, hallazgos que están relacionados con inflamación alveolointersticial.

Palabras clave:
Neumonitis por hipersensibilidad
Rata
Morfometría
BAL

Our objective was to develop an experimental model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the aging rat. The following hypothesis was proposed: hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the aging rat will be evident in alterations in cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in an increase in alveolar interstitial tissue. Sixty animals with a mean age of 18 months were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 contained healthy, untreated animals and group 2 contained unhealthy animals that had been exposed to bovine seralbumin (BS). BAL and morphometric analysis of the lung was performed. The percentage of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear, leukocytes and alveolar macrophages were determined in BAL. The morphometric variables studied were mean linear intersection (Lm), lenght of alveolar cord, wall thickness, tissue density and number of measurements of alveolar cord. The results show that the unhealthy animals had higher (p < 0.001) percentages of lymphocytes in BAL, lower Lm, diminished alveolar cord and thinner walls, as well as greater tissue density and a higher number of measurements. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). These results lead to the conclusion that exposure of the aging rat to BS produces an increase in lymphocytes in BAL and an increase in interstitial alveolar content, findings that are related to alveolar-interstitial inflammation.

Key words:
Hypersensitivity due to pneumonitis
Rat
Morphometry
BAL
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