Journal Information
Vol. 45. Issue S6.
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Pages 35-39 (June 2009)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 45. Issue S6.
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Pages 35-39 (June 2009)
Full text access
Tratamiento médico en pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Medical treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Visits
7693
Pilar Escribano Subias
Corresponding author
pilar.escribano@telefonica.net

Autor para correspondencia.
, María José Ruiz Cano, Ángela Flox
Unidad de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen

La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar es el tratamiento de elección en los pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica (HPTEC). Sin embargo, hay campos en los que el tratamiento médico específico de la hipertensión pulmonar (HP) puede ser una alternativa o desempeñar un papel complementario a la cirugía. Así, en los pacientes desestimados para cirugía por obstrucción trombótica distal, los que presentan HP residual o persistente tras la cirugía y los pacientes con HP muy severa y perfil hemodinámico de alto riesgo, el tratamiento médico puede contribuir a mejorar su evolución y el resultado final de la tromboendarterectomía.

Los pacientes con obstrucción distal en el árbol pulmonar y los pacientes con HP residual tras la cirugía presentan deterioro clínico y hemodinámico por la progresión de la vasculopatía pulmonar en las arteriolas de pequeño calibre. El tratamiento convencional con diuréticos, antiacoagulantes y oxigenoterapia ha demostrado escasa eficacia. En la última década, se han incorporado multitud de fármacos al tratamiento de la HP: análogos de la prostaciclina, antagonistas de los receptores de la endotelina e inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa-5, con acción fundamental en el remodelado vascular de las arteriolas de pequeño calibre.

Aunque la evidencia de su eficacia en la HP y la similitud histológica de la vasculopatía de pequeño vaso en la HPTEC con la de otras formas de HP, aportan el fundamento racional para el uso de estos fármacos en los pacientes con HPTEC, la evidencia sustentada en ensayos clínicos es todavía limitada.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Bosentan
Sildenafilo
Epoprostenol
Treprostinil
Abstract

Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, specific medical treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be an alternative or play a complementary role to surgery. Thus, in patients unsuitable for surgery due to distal thrombotic obstruction, residual or persistent PH after surgery or very severe PH and a high-risk hemodynamic profile, medical treatment may improve their clinical course and the outcome of thromboendarterectomy.

Patients with distal obstruction in the pulmonary tree and those with residual PH after surgery show clinical and hemodynamic deterioration due to progression of the pulmonary vascular disease in the smallcaliber arterioles. Conventional treatment with diuretics, anticoagulants and oxygen therapy has been demonstrated to have little effectiveness. In the last decade, numerous drugs have been developed for the treatment of PH: prostacyclin analogs, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors acting principally in vascular remodelling of small-caliber arterioles.

Although evidence of the effectiveness of these drugs in PH and the histological similarity of small-vessel vasculopathy in CTEPH to that of other forms of PH provide the main rationale for the use of these drugs in patients with CTEPH, the evidence from clinical trials is still limited.

Keywords:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Sildenafil bosentan
Epoprostenol
Treprostinil
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
I.M. Lang, W. Klepetko.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: an updated review.
Curr Opin Cardiol, 23 (2008), pp. 555-559
[2.]
V. Pengo, A.W. Lensing, M.H. Prins, A. Marchiori, B.L. Davidson, F. Tiozzo, Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group, et al.
Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism.
N Engl J Med, 27 (2004), pp. 2257-2264
[3.]
D. Bonderman, N. Skoro-Sajer, J. Jakowitsch, C. Adlbrecht, D. Dunkler, S. Taghavi, et al.
Predictors of outcome in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Circulation, 24 (2007), pp. 2153-2158
[4.]
R. Condliffe, D.G. Kiely, J.S. Gibbs, P.A. Corris, A.J. Peacock, D.P. Jenkins, et al.
Prognostic and aetiological factors in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Eur Respir J, 33 (2009), pp. 332-338
[5.]
M.C. Jiménez López Guarch, P. Escribano, A. Román, J.A. Barberá, M. López-Meseguer, I. Blanco, et al.
Epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension in Spain. Preliminary analisys of the Spanish Pulmonary Hypertension Registry. (REHAP).
Annual European Society of Cardiology Congress, (2009),
[6.]
P. Bresser, J. Pepke-Zaba, X. Jaïs, M. Humbert, M.M. Hoeper.
Medical therapies for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: an evolving treatment paradigm.
Proc Am Thorac Soc, 3 (2006), pp. 594-600
[7.]
M.M. Hoeper, E. Mayer, G. Simonneau, L.J. Rubin.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Circulation, 25 (2006), pp. 2011-2020
[8.]
N. Nagaya, N. Sasaki, M. Ando, H. Ogino, F. Sakamaki, S. Kyotani, et al.
Prostacyclin therapy before pulmonary thromboendarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 319-320
[9.]
S. Cabrol, R. Souza, X. Jais, E. Fadel, R.H. Ali, M. Humbert, et al.
Intravenous epoprostenol in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
J Heart Lung Transplant, 26 (2007), pp. 357-362
[10.]
N. Skoro-Sajer, D. Bonderman, F. Wiesbauer, E. Harja, J. Jakowitsch, W. Klepetko, et al.
Treprostinil for severe inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
J Thromb Haemost, 5 (2007), pp. 483-489
[11.]
R. Hughes, P. George, J. Parameshwar, F. Cafferty, J. Dunning, N.W. Morrell, et al.
Bosentan in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Bosentan in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
J Thorax, 60 (2005), pp. 707
[12.]
M.M. Hoeper, T. Kramm, H. Wilkens, C. Schulze, H.J. Schäfers, T. Welte, et al.
Bosentan therapy for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Chest, 128 (2005), pp. 2363-2367
[13.]
R.J. Hughes, X. Jais, D. Bonderman, J. Suntharalingam, M. Humbert, I. Lang, et al.
The efficacy of bosentan in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a 1-year follow-up study.
Eur Respir J, 28 (2006), pp. 138-143
[14.]
H.J. Seyfarth, S. Hammerschmidt, H. Pankau, J. Winkler, H. Wirtz.
Long-term bosentan in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Respiration, 74 (2007), pp. 287-292
[15.]
X. Jaïs, A.M. D’Armini, P. Jansa, A. Torbicki, M. Delcroix, H.A. Ghofrani, Bosentan Effects in iNopErable Forms of chronIc Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Study Group, et al.
Bosentan for treatment of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: BENEFIT.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 16 (2008), pp. 2127-2134
[16.]
F. Reichenberger, R. Voswinckel, B. Enke, M. Rutsch, E. El Fechtali, T. Schmehl, et al.
Long-term treatment with sildenafil in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Eur Respir J, 30 (2007), pp. 922-927
[17.]
C.M. Treacy, N.J. Doughty, K. Goldsmith, E. Soon, M.R. Toshner, K.K. Sheares, et al.
Longterm use of sildenafil in inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Suntharalingam.
Chest, 134 (2008), pp. 229-236
[18.]
M. Humbert, E.S. Segal, D.G. Kiely, J. Carlsen, B. Schwierin, M.M. Hoeper.
Results of European post-marketing surveillance of bosentan in pulmonary hypertension.
Eur Respir J, 30 (2007), pp. 338-344
Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?