Journal Information
Vol. 36. Issue 11.
Pages 651-654 (December 2000)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 36. Issue 11.
Pages 651-654 (December 2000)
Full text access
Rotura bronquial en traumatismo torácico cerrado
Occupationally caused respiratory diseases
Visits
18600
F. López Espadas1, M. Zabalo, M. Encinas, G. Díaz Regañón, C. González Fernández
Departamentos de Medicina Intensiva. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander
M.A. Pagola*
* Departamentos de Medicina Intensiva y Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander.
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

La rotura bronquial es una complicación infrecuente pero potencialmente grave en el traumatismo torácico cerrado, con una mortalidad asociada del 30%. En las últimas décadas se está presenciando un incremento en su incidencia paralelamente al desarrollo de los medios de transporte. El 80% de las lesiones se localizan a 2,5cm de la carina. El diagnóstico está basado en las manifestaciones clínicas, hallazgos radiológicos y en la broncoscopia. El enfisema subcutáneo y la insuficiencia respiratoria son los síntomas más frecuentes. A escala radiológica destaca la presencia de neumotórax, neumomediastino o ambos. La broncoscopia es el método diagnóstico de elección y se debe realizar de forma temprana. El tratamiento es el restablecimiento de la continuidad anatómica del árbol traqueobronquial mediante la reparación quirúrgica de la lesión, tan pronto como sea posible, si ésta es mayor de un tercio de la circunferencia y/o el neumotórax no se resuelve con dos drenajes torácicos. Es muy importante que este tipo de lesión sea reconocida y tratada de forma temprana, tanto para restaurar con éxito la función pulmonar, como para evitar las complicaciones asociadas con el retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico. No obstante, los hallazgos iniciales son a menudo inespecíficos, y requieren un alto índice de sospecha, por lo que en un porcentaje elevado de pacientes el diagnóstico es tardío.

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo torácico cerrado
Rotura traqueobronquial

In closed chest trauma, bronchial rupture is an unusual but potentially serious complication, with an associated mortality rate of 30%. Recent decades have seen an increase in incidence parallel to greater use of transport. Eighty percent of injuries are located 2.5cm from the carina. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, imaging and bronchoscopy. Subcutaneous emphysema and respiratory insufficiency are the most common findings. Images show the presence of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum or both. Bronchoscopy is the diagnostic method of choice and must be performed early. Treatment consists of reestablishing anatomical continuity of the tracheobronchial tree by surgical repair if the lesion affects more than a third of the circumference and/or pneumothorax is not resolved after two chest drainages. This type of injury should be recognized and treated early, both to restore lung function and to prevent associated complications caused by delay. However, initial findings are seldom specific, requiring the physician to display a high degree of suspicion and explaining why diagnosis often comes late.

Key words:
Closed chest trauma
Tracheobronchial rupture
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M.M. Krish, M.B. Orringer, D.M. Behrendt, H. Sloan.
Management of tracheobronchial disruption secondary to non penetrating trauma.
Ann Thorac Surg, 22 (1976), pp. 93-101
[2.]
S. Bertelsen, P. Howitz.
Injuries of the trachea and bronchi.
Thorax, 27 (1972), pp. 188-194
[3.]
R. Ecker, R.V. Libertuni, W.J. Rea, W.L. Sugg, W.R. Webb.
Injuries of the trachea and bronchi.
Ann Thorac Surg, 11 (1971), pp. 289-298
[4.]
W.T. Kemerer, W.G. Eckert, J.B. Gathright, K. Reemtsma, O. Creech.
Patterns of thoracic injuries in fatal traffic accidents.
J Trauma, 1 (1961), pp. 595-599
[5.]
J.F. Burke.
Early diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the bronchus.
JAMA, 181 (1962), pp. 682-686
[6.]
C. Hartley, G.N. Morritt.
Bronchial rupture secondary to blunt chest trauma.
Thorax, 48 (1993), pp. 183-184
[7.]
J. Deslauriers, M. Beaulieu, G. Archambault, J. LaForge, R. Gernier.
Diagnosis and long-term follow-up of major bronchial disruptions due to nonpenetrating trauma.
Ann Thorac Surg, 33 (1982), pp. 32-38
[8.]
W. Scott Jones, C. Mavroudis, D. Richardson, L.A. Gray, W.R. Howe.
Management of tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma.
Surgery, 95 (1984), pp. 319-322
[9.]
S.O. Taskinen, J.A. Salo, P.E. Halttunen, A.R.A. Sovijärvi.
Tracheobronchial rupture due to blunt chest trauma: a follow-up study.
Ann Thorac Surg, 48 (1989), pp. 846-849
[10.]
H. Barmada, J.R. Gibbons.
Tracheobronchial injury in blunt and penetrating chest trauma.
Chest, 106 (1994), pp. 74-78
[11.]
W. Amauchi, D. Birolini, P. Branco, M. Ramos de Oliveira.
Injuries to the tracheobronchial tree in closed trauma.
Thorax, 38 (1983), pp. 923-928
[12.]
S.A. Mills, F.R. Johnston, A.S. Hudspeth, R.H. Breyer, R.T. Myers, A.R. Cordell.
Clinical spectrum of blunt tracheobronchial disruption illustrated by seven cases.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 84 (1982), pp. 49-58
[13.]
F. Baumgartner, B. Sheppard, C. De Virgilio, B. Esrig, D. Harrier, R.J. Nelson, et al.
Tracheal and main bronchial disruptions after blunt chest trauma: presentation and management.
Ann Thorac Surg, 50 (1990), pp. 569-574
[14.]
W. Harvey-Smith, W. Bush, C. Northrop.
Traumatic bronchial rupture.
AJR, 134 (1980), pp. 1189-1193
[15.]
N.P. Dowd, K. Clarkson, M.A. Walsh, A.J. Cunningham.
Delayed bronchial stenosis after blunt chest trauma.
Anesth Analg, 82 (1996), pp. 1078-1081
[16.]
P.N. Symbas, A.G. Justicz, R.R. Ricketts.
Rupture of the airways from blunt trauma: treatment of complex injuries.
Ann Thorac Surg, 54 (1992), pp. 177-183
[17.]
M.Y. Lin, M.H. Wu, C.S. Chan, W.W. Lai, N.S. Chou, Y.L. Tseng.
Bronchial rupture caused by blunt chest injury.
Ann Emerg Med, 25 (1995), pp. 412-415
[18.]
F.L. Grover, C. Ellestad, K.V. Arom, H.D. Root, A.B. Cruz, J.K. Trinkle.
Diagnosis and management of mayor tracheobronchial injuries.
Ann Thorac Surg, 28 (1979), pp. 384-391
[19.]
A. Leguerrier, P. Rosat, G. Lebeau, D. Dormoy, J. Kernec, C. Rioux, et al.
Associations lésionelles dans les traumatismes fermés du thorax: rupture bronchique droite, rupture de l’artère sous claviére droite, avec fracture bilatérale de la 1.ere cote.
J Chir (París), 122 (1985), pp. 561-565
[20.]
J.H. Woodring, A.W. Fried, D.R. Hatfield, R.K. Stevens, E.P. Tood.
Fractures of first second ribs: predictive value for arterial bronchial injury.
AJR, 138 (1982), pp. 211-215
[21.]
R.M. Shorr, M. Crittenden, M. Indeck, S.L. Hartunian, A. Rodríguez.
Blunt thoracic trauma Analysis of 515 patients.
Ann Surg, 206 (1987), pp. 200-205
[22.]
J.C. Roxburgh.
Rupture of the tracheobronchial tree.
Thorax, 42 (1987), pp. 681-688
[23.]
J.A. Spencer, C.E. Rogers, S. Westaby.
Clinico-radiological correlates in rupture of the major airways.
Clinical Radiology, 43 (1991), pp. 371-376
[24.]
D. Davies, J.S. Hopkins.
Patterns in traumatic rupture of the bronchus.
Injury, 4 (1973), pp. 261-264
[25.]
H. Le Brigand, R. Kim, J. Langlois.
Symptomatologie iniciale des ruptures traumatiques de la trachée et des groses bronches.
Presse Med, 74 (1996), pp. 2521-2525
[26.]
F. López-Espadas, A. Varela, C. Garrido, J. Joven-Lafont, G. Díaz-Regañón, J. Gutiérrez.
Rotura de tráquea por traumatismo cerrado.
Arch Bronconeumol, 13 (1977), pp. 112-114
[27.]
A. Eigjelaar, J.N. Homan VAn der Heide.
A reliable early symptom of bronchial or tracheal rupture.
Thorax, 25 (1970), pp. 116-125
[28.]
I.H. Weir, N.L. Müller, D.G. Conell.
CT diagnosis of bronchial rupture.
J Comput Assist Tomogr, 12 (1988), pp. 1035-1036
[29.]
W. Glinz.
Priorities in diagnosis and treatment of blunt chest injuries.
Injury, 17 (1986), pp. 318-321
[30.]
N. Singh, K.L. Narasimham, K.L.N. Rao, S. Katariya.
Bronchial disruption after blunt trauma chest.
J Trauma, 46 (1999), pp. 962-964
[31.]
M. Iwasaki, K. Kaga, J. Ogawa, H. Inoue, A. Shohtsu.
Bronchoscopy findings and early treatment of patients with blunt tracheobronchial trauma.
J Cardiovasc Surg, 35 (1994), pp. 269-271
[32.]
M. Kitzis, G. Chalaux, G. Cohen, J.P. Duchatelle, C. Maillard, M. Richer de Forges, et al.
Ruptures trachéo-bronchiques récentes par traumatisme fermé du thorax.
J Chir (París), 121 (1984), pp. 719-725
[33.]
Y.L. Wan, K.T. Tsai, K.M. Yeow, C.F. Tan, H.F. Wong.
CT findings of bronchial transection.
Am J Emerg Med, 15 (1997), pp. 176-177
[34.]
J.A. Gibbons, R.L. Peniston, S.S. Diamond, B.L. Aaron.
A comparison of synthetic absorbable suture with synthetic nonabsorbable suture for construction of tracheal anastomoses.
Chest, 79 (1981), pp. 340-342
[35.]
P.E. Halttunen, S.A. Kostiainen, H.G. Meurala.
Bronchial rupture caused by blunt chest trauma.
Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 18 (1984), pp. 141-144
[36.]
H. Sirbu, B. Herse, B. Schorn, U. Hütemann, H. Dalichau.
Successful surgery after complete disruption of the right bronchial system.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 43 (1995), pp. 239-241
[37.]
R.M. Hood, A.D. Boyd, A.T. Culliford.
Traumatismos torácicos.
Interamericana McGraw Hill, (1992),
[38.]
D.A. Thompson, B.J. Rowlands, W.E. Walker, R.C. Kuykendall, P.W. Miller, R.P. Fischer.
Urgent thoracotomy for pulmonary or tracheobronchial injury.
J Trauma, 28 (1988), pp. 276-279
Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?