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Vol. 30. Issue 5.
Pages 236-239 (May 1994)
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Vol. 30. Issue 5.
Pages 236-239 (May 1994)
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Rentabilidad del lavado broncoalveolar en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar
The value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
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J.A. Caminero Luna*,1, F. Rodríguez de Castro*, I. Campos-Herrero**, J.M. Pavón Monzó**
* Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
** Servicio de Urgencias. Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
F. Díaz López, O. Acosta Fernández, G. Juliá Sardá, P. Cabrera Navarro
Sección de Neumología. Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora del Pino. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
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Con el objetivo de analizar la rentabilidad del lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) en el diagnóstico microbiológico convencional de la tuberculosis (TB) y de otras micobacteriosis, y su necesidad o no de incorporarlo como técnica de rutina en el diagnóstico de estas afecciones, se ha realizado un estudio sobre 30 enfermos afectados de micobacteriosis (26 TB y 4 infecciones por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare) a los que se realizó broncoscopia y se disponía a la vez de estudio bacteriológico de LBA y broncoaspirado (BAS). Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en el esputo pre y posbroncoscopia en los enfermos en que se disponía de estas muestras.

La rentabilidad conjunta del cultivo del LBA y del BAS fue del 90%. La obtenida con el LBA (83,3%) fue superior a la aportada por el BAS (73,3%), porcentajes muy superiores al 53,8% proporcionado por el cultivo del esputo prebroncoscopia y al 60% obtenido en el esputo posbroncoscopia. Además, el LBA fue la única muestra diagnóstica en 7 enfermos, mientras que el BAS sólo lo fue en cuatro. La sensibilidad del cultivo era similar con las 2 micobacterias estudiadas. Sin embargo, la rentabilidad de la baciloscopia directa era muy baja; se situó en el 30% para ambas muestras, y alcanzó el 36,6% al analizar conjuntamente BAS y LBA.

Concluimos diciendo que se debe realizar broncoscopia en todas las sospechas de micobacteriosis en las que la baciloscopia del esputo sea negativa y en los pacientes que no expectoran, y que debe realizarse rutinariamente toma de LBA ya que es la muestra que se ha mostrado más rentable y constituye una técnica de sencilla realización y con escasa morbilidad.

In order to analyze the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for conventional microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and other mycobacteremias, and to assess the need to use it or not as a routine diagnostic technique in these diseases, we studied 30 patients with mycobacteria (26 TB and 4 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections) by bronchoscopy, with BAL and bronchoaspirate (BAS) bacteriological analyses also available. The results were compared with those obtained for sputum taken before and after bronchoscopy when these specimens were available.

The overall yield for BAL and BAS cultures was 90%, with BAL (83.3%) specimens being more productive than BAS (73.3%) specimens. Both performed far better than the 53.8% recorded for cultures of pre-bronchoscopy sputum and 60% for post-bronchoscopy sputum. BAL was the only diagnostic specimen from 7 patients, while BAS the only one from 4. Sensitivity was similar for the two mycobacteria studied. The results for direct baciloscopy, however, at 30% for the two specimens, rose to 36.6% when they were analyzed together with BAS and BAL.

We conclude that bronchoscopy should be performed on all patients suspected of mycobacterial infection when sputum baciloscopy is negative and patients have no expectoration. Performance of BAL should be routine since this simple and usually uncomplicated technique produces the most productive specimens.

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Copyright © 1994. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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