Presiones respiratorias estáticas máximas. Importancia del estudio de los valores de referencia normales

Ordiales Fernández, J.J.; Fernández Moya, A.; Colubi Colubi, L.; Nistal de Paz, F.; Allende González, J.; Álvarez Asensio, E.; Rodrigo Sáez, L.

doi:10.1016/S0300-2896(15)30847-4

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Con el fin de determinar la validez de la utilización de los valores teóricos existentes en la literatura en nuestra población, se realizó en el presente trabajo un estudio de fuerza muscular respiratoria mediante el cálculo de la presión máxima espiratoria (P Emax), y la presión máxima inspiratoria (P Emax), en una población normal asturiana constituida por 100 personas sanas, 50 varones y 50 mujeres, con una edad comprendida entre los 17 y 80 años, con edad media global de 40,4±19,3 años, utilizando la misma metodología y aparataje que Black y Hyatt, y comparando los resultados obtenidos con los valores teóricos según edad y sexo dados por estos autores, evidenciándose que existían cambios estadísticamente significativos (p < 0,001) inferiores en nuestra población para ambos parámetros, y en ambos sexos, P Imax en varones 69,7%, PEmax varones 88,5%, PEmax en mujeres 60,9 /o y PImáx mujeres 82,9%, lo que nos indica que las cifras teóricas dadas por estos autores no son válidas en la población motivo de estudio, y que para cada grupo de población, si se quieren sacar conclusiones válidas se hace necesario buscar referencias normales de cada laboratorio con su metodología y aparataje.

Palabras clave:

Presión máxima espiratoria

Presión máxima inspiratoria

Volumen residual

Capacidad pulmonar total

In order to determine the validity for our population of the theoretical reference valúes available in the literature today, we studied respiratory muscle force by calculating maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax and maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) in 100 healthy subjects in Asturias (50 women) between 17 and 80 years-old (mean 40.4±19.3 years). We used the same methods and apparatus as Black and Hyatt and compared the results with theoretical values given by them as references corresponding to our subjects, according to age and sex. Values were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in our population for both parameters and for both men and women. In men PFmav was 69.7% and PImax was 88.5% of the theoretical valúes, in women PEmax was 60.9% and PImax was 82.9%. These figures indícate that the theoretical values given by Black and Hyatt are not valid for the population we studied and that normal reference valúes appropriate for each population, laboratory and apparatus must be obtained if valid conclusions are to be reached.

Key words:

Maximal expiratory pressure

Maximal inspiratory pressure

Residual volume

Total lung capacity

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