Journal Information
Vol. 33. Issue 9.
Pages 444-449 (October 1997)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 33. Issue 9.
Pages 444-449 (October 1997)
Full text access
La prueba de provocación bronquial específica en el diagnóstico del asma ocupacional
Specific bronchial challenge test for diagnosing occupational asthma
Visits
6534
J. Fraj*, F. Duce, A. Lezaun, C. Colás, M.A. Domínguez, M.C. Abadía
Servicio de Alergia. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

La prueba de provocación bronquial específica (PPBE) representa el método clave en el diagnóstico etiológico del asma ocupacional (AO). Sus indicaciones son precisas e incluyen casos en los que existen varios agentes en el ambiente laboral potencialmente causantes de AO, reconocimiento de agentes ocupacionales nuevos o poco frecuentes, existencia de litigio médico-legal y como herramienta de investigación. La metodología de la PPBE no está universalmente estandarizada debido a la gran heterogeneidad de los diferentes agentes ocupacionales y a sus diversas propiedades físicoquímicas. Así, los agentes que se encuentran en forma de humos, gases o vapores podrán ser utilizados en PPBE dentro de cabinas especiales, en circuitos cerrados y monitorización constante de las concentraciones subirritantes. Los agentes que se encuentran en forma de polvo, la mayoría de sustancias de elevado peso molecular y algunas de bajo peso molecular, pueden ser adecuados para PPBE de rutina en un laboratorio de alergia. Sólo estos casos serán referidos en este trabajo. La PPBE debe ser realizada en centros especializados y por personal experimentado al ser una técnica sofisticada y potencialmente peligrosa.

Presentamos una serie de 20 pacientes diagnosticados de AO en nuestro servicio en los últimos 2 años, sometidos a PPBE, gracias a la cual se obtuvo el diagnóstico etiológico. Todos estaban expuestos a material pulvígeno o aerosoles en su trabajo. En 17 casos el agente causal fue una sustancia de elevado peso molecular y en tres fueron sustancias de bajo peso molecular. Se describe la metodología llevada a cabo y se discuten los modelos de respuesta bronquial.

Palabras clave:
Asma ocupacional
Alergeno ocupacional
Alergia
Provocación bronquial

Specific bronchial challenge (SBC) testing is a key technique for diagnosing the origin of occupational asthma (OA). SBC is indicated in specific circumstances, including whenever several agentes present in the work environment may be the cause of OA, when new or unusual occupational agents need to be identified, when evidence for legal action is required, or when research is conducted. SBC procedures are not standardized, because of the great diversity of occupational agents and the variety of physical and Chemical properties involved. Thus, SBC testing with agents found in fumes, gases or vapors can be administered in special cabins or in closed circuits with continuous monitoring of sub-irritant concentrations. Agents found in dust, most but not all of which have high molecular weights, may be appropriate for routine SBC testing in an allergy laboratory. This paper will treat only these cases. SBC must be formed in specialized centers by experienced personnel, as it is a sophisticated and potentially dangerous technique.

We describe a series of 20 patients diagnosed of OA in our unit over the past two years in whom SBC provided an etiologic diagnosis. All were exposed to dust or aerosols at work. The cause was a substance of high molecular weight in 17 cases, and low molecular weight in 3. The procedure used is described and models of bronchial response are discussed.

Key words:
Occupational asthma
Occupational allergen
Allergy
Specific bronchial challenge
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
S. Quirce, E. Losada.
Ocupational Asthma. A Spanish perspective.
ACI News, 7 (1995), pp. 68-72
[2.]
I.L. Berstein, D.I. Berstein, M. Chang-Yeung, J.L. Malo.
Definition and classification of asthma.
Asthma in the workplace, pp. 1-4
[3.]
A.J. Newman-Taylor.
Occupational asthma.
Thorax, 35 (1980), pp. 241-245
[4.]
G. Moscato, J. Godnic-Cvar, P. Maestrelli, J.L. Malo, P.S. Burge, R. Coifman.
Position paper. Statement on self-monitoring of peak expiratory flow in the investigation of occupational asthma.
Allergy, 50 (1995), pp. 711-717
[5.]
S.L. Spector.
Allergen inhalation challenge procedures. Provocative challenge procedures.
Background and methodology, pp. 293-340
[6.]
Netherlands Society of Allergy.
Committee on skin test standardization of the Netherlands Society of Allergy. Report on skin test standardization, 18 (1988), pp. 305-310
[7.]
R. González, L. Zapatero, F. Caravada, J. Carreira.
Identification of soybean proteins responsible for respiratory allergies.
Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 95 (1991), pp. 53-57
[8.]
J. Fraj, S. Quirce.
Asma ocupacional por inhalación de harina de soja en ganaderos.
Rev Esp Alergol Immunol Clin, 9 (1994), pp. 47-52
[9.]
A. Cartier, I.L. Berstein, P.S. Burge, et al.
Guidelines for bronchoprovocation on the investigation of occupational asthma. Report of the subcommittee on bronchoprovocation for occupational asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 84 (1989), pp. 823-829
[10.]
J. Fraj, A. Lezaun, C. Colas, F. Duce, M.A. Domínguez, M.D. Alonso.
Occupational asthma induced by aniseed.
Allergy, 51 (1996), pp. 337-339
[11.]
P. Maestrelli, X. Baur, J.C. Bessot, A. Cirla, P. Gervais, J. Godniccvar.
Guidelines for the diagnosis of occupational asthma.
Clin Exp Allergy, 22 (1992), pp. 103-108
[12.]
J. Coté, S. Kennedy, M. Chang-Yeung.
Sensitivity and specificity of PC-20 and PEFR in red cedar asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 85 (1990), pp. 592-598
[13.]
J. Coté, S. Kennedy, M. Chang-Yeung.
Quantitative versus qualitative analysis of peak expiratory flow in occupational asthma.
Thorax, 48 (1993), pp. 48-51
[14.]
B. Perrin, F. Lagier, J. L’Archeveque, et al.
Occupational asthma: validity of monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates and nonallergic bronchial responsiveness as compared to specific inhalation challenge.
Eur Respir J, 5 (1992), pp. 40-48
[15.]
C.E. Reed, C. Swanson, J.T.C. Li.
Environmental monitoring of protein aeroallergens. Asthma in the workplace, pp. 249-275
[16.]
J. Fraj.
Asma ocupacional por inhalación de fármacos.
Asma ocupacional, pp. 297-300
[17.]
J. Pepys, B. Hutchroft.
Bronchial provocation tests in aetiologic diagnosis and analysis of asthma.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 112 (1975), pp. 829-859
[18.]
A. Cartier, I.L. Berstein, P.S. Burge, et al.
Guidelines for bronchoprovocation on the investigation of occupational asthma. Report of the subcommittee on bronchoprovocation for occupational asthma.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 84 (1989), pp. 823-829
[19.]
J.E. Salvaggio, D.J. Hendrick.
The Use of bronchial inhalation challenge in the investigation of occupational diseases.
Provocative challenge procedures. Background and methodology, pp. 417-449
[20.]
C. Marcos, M. Lázaro, J. Fraj, et al.
Occupational asthma due to latex surgical gloves.
Ann Allergy, 67 (1991), pp. 319-323
[21.]
J. Fraj, C. Colás, F. Duce, A. Lezaun, M.A. Domínguez.
Asma ocupacional por inhalación de polvo de espiramicina.
Rev Esp Alergol Immunol Clin, 11 (1996), pp. 198-202
[22.]
F.M. Parra, J.M. Igea, S. Quirce, et al.
Occupational asthma in a hairdresser due to persulphate satis.
Allergy, 47 (1992), pp. 656-660
Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?