Journal Information
Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 27-34 (January 2001)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 27-34 (January 2001)
Full text access
Enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacterium kansasii. Análisis de 39 casos
Lung disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii: analysis of 39 cases
Visits
12951
J. Garrós Garay*, F. García Cebrián, J.J. Lorza Blasco, E. Ruiz De Gordejuela
Servicios de Neumología Hospital de Santa Marina. Bilbao
G. Martín Saco*
* Microbiología. Hospital de Santa Marina. Bilbao
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Objetivo

Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas, evolutivas y de respuesta al tratamien-to en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacte-rium kansasii.

Métodos

Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad pulmonar por M. kansasii entre los años 1993 y 1998 en el Hospital de Santa Marina de Bilbao.

Resultados

Encontramos a 39 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar por M. kansasii que cumplían para su diagnóstico los criterios de la ATS. La incidencia de la enfermedad en nuestro medio es creciente. El predominio de afección del sexo masculino fue muy notable (97,4%). La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 55,9 años. Entre los antecedentes per-sonales destacan la tuberculosis pulmonar (38,4%), la OCFA (28,2%) y el tabaquismo (87%). La mayoría de los pacientes procedían del medio urbano (94,8%). Entre los síntomas des-tacaron por su frecuencia la tos (87%) y el síndrome general (72%). La hemoptisis se dio en el 31% de los pacientes. En la radiografía del tórax predominó el patrón alveolar localizado (69%). La presencia de cavitación se dio en el 76,9% de los casos. La baciloscopia directa fue positiva en el 76,9% de los pacientes. Los antibiogramas (sobre 30 casos) indicaron las siguientes resistencias: rifampicina, 3,3%; isoniacida (1 μg/ml), 10%; isoniacida (0,2 μg/ml), 100%; etambutol, 6,6%; estreptomicina, 90%; pirazinamida, 90%. Fallecieron 8 pa-cientes (22%, sobre 36 pacientes), todos con graves enferme-dades asociadas. En la evolución radiológica destacamos que en el 33% de las formas cavitarias no se consiguió el cierre de las mismas (sobre 21 pacientes). En la evolución microbiológi-ca destaca un caso de fracaso bacteriológico (2,7%, sobre 36 pacientes) y 4 casos de recaída (15,3%, sobre 26 pacientes).

Conclusiones

El número de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacterium kansasiiha aumentado en los últimos años de forma significativa en nuestro hospital. La mortalidad en los pacientes con esta enfermedad fue alta, pero parece explicarse por la gravedad de las enfermedades asociadas que padecían. La tasa de recaídas, del 15,3%, obli-ga al seguimiento posterior a largo plazo de estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Micobacteriosis
Micobacterium kansasii
Diag-nóstico
Evolución
Objective

To study the epidemiological, clinical, radiolo-gical, and microbiological characteristics as well as clinical course and response to treatment of patients with lung dise-ase due to Mycobacterium kansasii.

Methods

All cases of lung disease caused by M. kansasii diagnosed between 1993 and 1998 in Santa Marina Hospital in Bilbao (Spain) were reviewed.

Results

The nurse identified 39 cases of lung disease caused by M. kansasii. The incidence in our practice is gro-wing. Most patients were men (97.4%). Mean patient age was 55.9 years. Relevant features of patients' case histories were lung tuberculosis (38.4%), chronic airflow limitation (28.2%) and smoking (87%). Most patients lived in urban settings (94.8%). The most frequent symptoms were cough (87%) and general malaise (72%). Hemoptysis occurred in 31%. Chest images showed mainly a localized alveolar pat-tern (69%). Cavitation was present in 76.9%. Bacilli were observed in 76.9%. Antibiograms (for 30 cases) showed re-sistance to the following drugs: rifampicin 3.3%, isoniazid (1 μg/ml 10%, isoniazid (0.2 μg/ml 100%, ethambutol 6.6%, streptomycin 90%, pyrazinamide 90%. Eight patients (22% of 36) died; all had severe associated disease. In 33% of the 21 patients with cavitation, closure was not achieved accor-ding to follow-up images. Follow-up microbiological tests re-vealed one case (2.7% of 36 patients) of treatment failure and four cases (15.3% of 26 patients) of relapse.

Conclusions

The number of patients with lung disease due to M. kansasii has increased significantly in recent years in our hospital. The mortality rate in these patients was high, but we believe it is explained by the severity of associa-ted disease. The 15.3% rate of relapse calls for long-term fo-llow-up of such patients.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium kansasii
Diagnosis
Course
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J. Ruiz, J.M. Mantesola, V. Ausina, J. Sauret.
Recomendaciones SEPAR: nomenclatura y clasificación de las micobacterias.
Arch Bronconeumol, 34 (1998), pp. 154-157
[2.]
ATS.
Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 142 (1990), pp. 940-953
[3.]
ATS.
Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. This official Statement of American Thoracic Society was approved by the Board of Directors March 1997. Medical section of the American Lung Association.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156 (1997), pp. 1-25
[4.]
F.S. Nolte, B. Metchock.
Micobacterium.
Manual of clinical microbiology, 6.a, pp. 400-437
[5.]
L. Lebrun, F. Espinasse, J.D. Poveda, V. Vincent-Levy-Frebault.
Evaluation of nonradioactive DNA probes for identification of mycobacteria.
J Clin Microbiol, 30 (1992), pp. 2476-2478
[6.]
G. Canetti.
Mesures de la sensibilite du bacille tuberculeux aux drogues antibacilaires par le methode des proportions.
Rev Tuberc, 27 (1963), pp. 217-272
[7.]
Memoria de 1995, 1996, 1997 y 1998 de la Unidad de Vigilancia Epidemiología de Vizcaya.
[8.]
M.P. Echevarría, G. Martín, J. Pérez, J.C. Urkijo.
Enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacterium kansasii. Presentación de 27 casos (1988-1992).
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 12 (1994), pp. 280-284
[9.]
S. Chobot, J. Maliys, H. Sebyakovya, M. Pelikyan, O. Zatloukal, P. Paliycka, D. Kocurovya.
Endemic incidence of infections caused by Mycobacterium kansasii in the Karvinya district in 1968-1995.
Cent Eur J Public Health, 4 (1997), pp. 164-173
[10.]
K. Lamdem, J.M. Watson, G. Knerer, M.J. Ryan, P.A. Jenkins.
Opportunist Mycobacteria in England and Wales 1982 to 1994.
Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev, 6 (1996), pp. 147-151
[11.]
K. Bloch, L. Zwerling, M. Pelcher, J. Hahn, J. Gerberding, S. Ostroff, et al.
Incidence and clinical implications of isolation of Mycobacterium kansasii: results of a 5 years, population-based study.
Ann Intern Med, 129 (1998), pp. 698-704
[12.]
M. Sakatani.
Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis; the present status of epidemiology and clinical studies.
Kekkaku, 74 (1999), pp. 377-384
[13.]
Y. Akita, M. Nishio, K. Maeno, Y. Yamada, Y. Mase, K. Yoshikawa.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in a general hospital.
Kekkaku, 74 (1999), pp. 107-113
[14.]
M. Tsukamara, N. Kita, H. Shimoide, H. Arakawa, A. Kuze.
Estudies on the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in Japan.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 137 (1988), pp. 1280-1284
[15.]
M.J. Bittner, E.A. Horowitz, T.J. Safranck, L.C. Preheim.
Emergence of Mycobacterium kansasii as the leading mycobacterial pathogen isolated over a 20 year period at a midwestern Veterans Affairs.
Hospital Clin Infect Dis, 22 (1996), pp. 1109-1111
[16.]
P. De March, I. Planells.
Micobacterias no tuberculosas en Barcelona (II). Micobacteriosis pulmonar.
Rev Clin Esp, 175 (1984), pp. 187-194
[17.]
N. Martín, T. González, F. Fernández.
Micobacteriosis. Presentación de 38 casos.
Med Clin (Barc), 84 (1985), pp. 651-654
[18.]
S. Hernández, J. Sauret, V. Ausina, M.J. Condom, G. Rodríguez, M. Lluquin.
Enfermedad por micobacterias ambientales oportunistas. Revisión de 35 casos.
Med Clin (Barc), 95 (1990), pp. 53-56
[19.]
G. Rufi, J. González.
Fiebre y cavitación pulmonar en una mujer de 22 años con neumotórax de repetición.
Med Clin (Barc), 105 (1995), pp. 428-435
[20.]
E. Martínez, R. Menéndez, M. Santos, R. Lorente, V. Marco.
Enfermedad pulmonar por micobacterias ambientales oportunistas en pacientes sin infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Factores de riesgo, clínica, diagnóstico y evolución.
Arch Bronconeumol, 32 (1996), pp. 170-175
[21.]
E. Woliinsky, T.K. Rynearson.
Mycobacteria in soil and their relation to disease-associated strains.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 97 (1968), pp. 1032-1037
[22.]
F. Alcaide, I. Richter, C. Bernasconi, B. Springer, C. Hagenau, R. Schulze-robbecke, et al.
Heterogeneity and clonality among isolates of Mycobacterium kansasii. Implications for epidemiological and pathogeneity studies.
J Clin Microbiol, 35 (1997), pp. 1959-1964
[23.]
J.E. Steadman.
High-catalase strains of Mycobacterium kansasii isolated from water in Texas.
J Clin Microbiol, 11 (1980), pp. 496-498
[24.]
J. Banks, A.M. Hunter, I.A. Campbell, P.A. Jenkins, A.P. Smith.
Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium kansasii in Wales 1970-79: review of treatment and response.
Thorax, 38 (1983), pp. 271-274
[25.]
S.A. Evans, A. Colville, A.J. Evans, A.J. Crips, I.D. Jhonston.
Pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection: comparison of the clinical features, treatment and outcome with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 1248-1252
[26.]
R.J. O'Brien, L.J. Geiter, D.E. Snider.
The epidemiology of non tuberculous mycobacterial disease in the United States. Results from a national survey.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 135 (1987), pp. 1007-1014
[27.]
E. Wolinsky.
State of art: nontuberculous mycobacteria and associated diseases.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 119 (1979), pp. 107-159
[28.]
J.O. Falkinham.
Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 9 (1996), pp. 177-215
[29.]
J.C. Urkijo, M. Montejo, K. Aguirrebengoa, E. Urra, C. Aguirre.
Enfermedad por Mycobacterium kansasii en pacientes con infección por VIH.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 11 (1993), pp. 120-125
[30.]
R.E. Campo, C.E. Campo.
Mycobacterium kansasii disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Infect Dis, 24 (1997), pp. 1233-1238
[31.]
J.H. Woodring, H. Vandiviere.
Pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
J Thorac Imag, 5 (1990), pp. 64-76
[32.]
E. Wolinsky.
When is an infection disease?.
Rev Infec Dis, 3 (1981), pp. 1025-1027
[33.]
A.J. Evans, A.J. Crisp, R.B. Hubbard, A. Colville, S.A. Evans, I.D. Johnston.
Pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection: comparison of radiological appearances with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 1243-1247
[34.]
E.E. Christensen, G.W. Dietz, G.H. Anh, J.S. Chapman, R.C. Murry, J. Anderson, et al.
Initial roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii and M. intracellularis infections.
Chest, 80 (1981), pp. 132-136
[35.]
C.H. Ahn, J.W. McLarty, S.S. Ahn, S.I. Ahn, G.A. Hurst.
Diagnostic criteria for pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium intracellulare.
Am Rev Respir, 125 (1982), pp. 388-391
[36.]
J.r. Wallace RJ, D. Dumbar, B.A. Brown, G. Onyi, R. Dunlap, C.H. Anh, et al.
Rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium kansasii.
Clin Infect Dis, 18 (1994), pp. 736-743
[37.]
C.H. Ahn, J.r. Wallace RJ, L.C. Steele, D.T. Murphy.
Sulfonamida ?containing regimens for disease caused by rifampicin-resistant. Mycobacterium kansasii.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 135 (1987), pp. 10-16
[38.]
R. Vidal, R. Rey, A. Espinar, P. De Marco, C. Melero, J.M. Pina, et al.
Grupo de trabajo de la SEPAR (Área TIR).
Normativa sobre tratamiento y retratamiento de la tuberculosis,
[39.]
S. Mizutani.
Chemotherapy of pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infection.
Kekaku, 71 (1996), pp. 527-531
[40.]
W. Pezzia, J.W. Raleigh, M.C. Bailey, E.A. Thot, J. Silverblatt.
Treatment of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii: recent experience with rifampin.
Rev Infect Dis, 3 (1981), pp. 1035-1039
[41.]
C.H. Ahn, J.R. Lowell, S. Anh, G.A. Hurst.
Chemotherapy for pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium kansasii: efficacies of some individual drugs.
Rev Infect Dis, 3 (1981), pp. 1028-1034
[42.]
C.H. Ahn, J.R. Lowell, S.S. Ahn, G.A. Hurst.
Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 128 (1983), pp. 1048-1050
[43.]
P.A. Jenkins, J. Banks, J.A. Campbell, A.P. Smith.
Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infection. A prospective study of the results of nine months of treatment with rifampicin and ethambutol.
Thorax, 49 (1994), pp. 442-445
[44.]
J. Sauret, S. Hernández, E. Castro, L. Hernández, V. Ausina, P. Coll.
Treatment of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii: results of 18 vs 12 months chemotherapy.
Tuberc Lung Dis, 76 (1995), pp. 104-108
[45.]
S. Kawahara, H. Nagare.
Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis: the present status and in the future. The view of development of new drugs against nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.
Kekkaku, 73 (1998), pp. 77-78
[46.]
N. Al Jarad, P. Demertzis, D.L. Jones, N.C. Barnes, R.M. Rudd, H. Gaya, et al.
Comparison of characteristics of patients and treatment outcome for pulmonary non tuberculosis mycobacterial infections and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 137-139
Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?