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Vol. 35. Issue 8.
Pages 390-394 (September 1999)
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Vol. 35. Issue 8.
Pages 390-394 (September 1999)
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Complicaciones técnicas de la exploración quirúrgica del mediastino en la estadificación del cáncer de pulmón
Technical complications of surgical inspection of the mediastinum for staging lung cancer
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J.L. Martín de Nicolás Serrahima, S. García Barajas*, C. Marrón Fernández, V. Díaz-Hellín Gude, E. Larrú Cabrero, M. Oteo Lozano, J.A. Pérez Antón, J. Toledo González
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid
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Desde enero de 1974 hasta diciembre de 1996 se realizaron un total de 1.618 exploraciones quirúrgicas prónosticas del mediastino (mediastinoscopia y/o mediastinotomía) en todos los pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma broncogénico que reunían criterios de operabilidad funcional y resecabilidad oncológica. El porcentaje global de exploración positiva fue del 26%. Aparecieron 34 complicaciones en nuestra serie (2,1%), con una incidencia significativa en los casos de exploración patológica (p=0,004): 13 sangrados (0,8%), 12 lesiones del nervio recurrente izquierdo (0,74%), 4 casos de infección del tejido celular subcutáneo (0,25%), 3 neumotórax (0,18%), un caso de perforación esofágica (0,06%) y un caso de quilomediastino (0,06%). Las cifras de morbilidad asociada a la exploración están en rango similar a la bibliografía revisada. No se dio ningún caso de mortalidad. Según nuestra experiencia, la mediastinoscopia es el método más efectivo para la valoración ganglionar del mediastino, y si la exploración se realiza de forma meticulosa por personal experimentado el riesgo de complicaciones es mínimo.

Palabras clave:
Mediastinoscopia
Mediastinotomía
Carcinoma broncogénico
Complicaciones

Between January 1974 and December 1996 we performed exploratory surgery (mediastinoscopies/mediastinotomies) on 1,618 patients diagnosed of bronchogenic carcinoma who were considered functionally operable and whose cancer was believed to be resectable. Findings were positive in 26%. Thirty-four (2.1%) complications were encountered, with a significantly higher incidence of complication among those for whom the results of exploratory surgery were positive (p=0.004) as follows: only 13 cases (0.8%) of significant bleeding; 12 cases (0.74%) of recurrent left nerve palsy (0.74%), 4 (0.25%) subcutaneous wound infections; 3 cases (0.18%) of pneumothorax; 1 (0.06%) perforated esophagus; and 1 case (0.06%) of chylomediastinum. The rate of morbidity associated with exploratory surgery was within the range reported in the literature. No deaths occurred. Mediastinoscopy, in our experience, is the most effective way of staging mediastinal ganglia. Provided the procedure is performed carefully by experienced surgeons, the risk of complication is minimal.

Key words:
Mediastinoscopy
Mediastinotomy
Lung cancer
Complications
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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