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Vol. 32. Issue 6.
Pages 271-274 (June - July 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 6.
Pages 271-274 (June - July 1996)
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Comparación de poblaciones linfocitarias de sangre y lavado broncoalveolar en pacientes con sida
Comparison of lymphocyte populations in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage of AIDS patients
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E. Fernández1, R. Blanquer, M. Marín
Servcio de Neumología. Hospital Dr. Peset Aleixandre. Valencia
P. León*, A. Artero**, A. Pinilla*
* Servicio de Hematología. Interna. Hospital Dr. Peset Aleixandre. Valencia
** Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Dr. Peset Aleixandre. Valencia
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La alteración de la inmunidad celular, manifestada por disminución de los niveles sanguíneos de linfocitos T CD4, es el principal indicador de progresión de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Se conoce la disminución de estos linfocitos y del cociente CD4/CD8 en muestras pulmonares obtenidas mediante lavado broncoalveolar (LBA), así como el aumento de los CD8 supresores o citotóxicos. Se ignora si la alta incidencia de enfermedades del aparato respiratorio en estos pacientes se debe a alteraciones inmunitarias locales o sistémicas. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar las alteraciones de la inmunidad celular sistémica, estudiada en muestras de sangre periférica, con la detectada en muestras de LBA de estos pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria aguda.

Estudiamos a 42 pacientes con sida avanzado (grupo C3 de la clasificación de los Centers for Disease Control) hospitalizados por enfermedad respiratoria aguda y sometidos, con fines diagnósticos, a fibrobroncoscopia y LBA. Se comparan la celularidad y las poblaciones linfocitarias analizadas mediante citometría de flujo en muestras obtenidas de sangre periférica y LBA.

El porcentaje de linfocitos CD4 y el cociente CD4/CD8 fueron menores en LBA, sobre todo en los pacientes que tenían cifras de CD4 sanguíneas inferiores al 12% de la celularidad total de linfocitos T o 20 células CD4/μI.

La alteración de la inmunidad celular de los pacientes con infección por VIH avanzada (grupo C3) y enfermedad respiratoria aguda es más manifiesta a nivel local pulmonar que en sangre periférica. Es posible prever la depleción pulmonar de linfocitos T CD4 a partir de sus valores sanguíneos.

Palabras clave:
Lavado broncoalveolar
Poblaciones linfocitarias
Sida

Changes in cell immunity made manifest by decreases in blood levels of CD4 T cells is the main indicator of progressing HIV infection. The decrease in these lymphocytes, as well as in the CD4/CD8 index and increases in suppressant or cytotoxic CD8 cells can be detected in bronchoalveolar (BAL) lung samples. It is not clear whether the high incidence of respiratory system diseases in HIV patients stems from local or systemic immune changes. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the systemic cell immunity studied in samples of peripheral blood with changes detected in BAL samples from HIV patients with acute respiratory disease.

We studied 42 patients in the advanced stages of AIDS (C3 by Centers for Disease Control classification) who were hospitalized for acute respiratory disease and who underwent diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy and BAL. Cell counts and lymphocyte populations were analyzed by flow cytometry in samples of peripheral blood and BAL.

The percentage of CD4 lymphocytes and the CD4/CD8 index were lower in BAL, particularly in patients with blood CD4 levels below 12% of the total T cell population, or at a level of 20 CD4 cells/μl.

Changes in cell immunity in patients with advanced HIV infection (C3 classification) and acute respiratory disease are more manifest locally in the lung than peripherally in blood. Lung depletion of CD4 T cells in the lung can be predicted based on blood levels.

Key words:
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Lymphocyte populations
AIDS
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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