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Vol. 35. Issue 6.
Pages 257-260 (June 1999)
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Vol. 35. Issue 6.
Pages 257-260 (June 1999)
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Carcinoma adenoide quístico de vías aéreas respiratorias: evolución y tratamiento
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the airways: course and treatment
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A.I. Blanco Orozco*, A. Ginel Cañamaque, J.M. Sánchez Navarro, M. Torres Cansino
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
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El carcinoma adenoide qusítico ha sido considerado hasta hace poco tiempo un tumor “frontera” entre los benignos y malignos por su bajo grado de malignidad, lento crecimiento y escasa agresividad. En la actualidad es un tumor bien definido histologicamente y se clasifica dentro de los tumores malignos. Es de un curso natural prolongado, de carácter infiltrativo, y con tendencia a la recidiva local, a dar metastasis locorregionales y más raramente a distancia. Su incidencia en las vías aereas respiratorias es baja, suponiendo el 0,1% de todas las neoplasias broncopulmonares. Desde 1969, hemos intervenido a 8 pacientes con carcinoma adenoide quístico, 6 mujeres y 2 varones. La clínica de presentatión fue de largo tiempo de evolucion, en su mayoría con síntomas producidos por la obstruction de las vías aereas de gran calibre. Afecta principalmente a la traquea y los grandes bronquios. En nuestra casuística se detectaron: tres en la traquea, tres en los bronquios principales y dos en los bronquios lobares. El tratamiento realizado fue: resection traqueal con anastomosis terminoterminal en 2 casos, neumectomía derecha en otros dos, una de ellas ampliada a carina traqueal, y 2 lobectomías. También se realizaron 2 toracotomías con imposibilidad de resection tumoral. La mortalidad postoperatoria fue de un caso (12%). En los casos irresecables, o con invasion de los bordes de resection, o con metastasis ganglionares regionales, el tratamiento quirúrgico se complementó con radioterapia. La supervivencia total fue del 71,4% a los 2 anos, 57,1% a los 5 anos y 38% a los 10 anos, excluyendo el fallecimiento del postoperatorio inmediato. En los casos de afectación traqueal ésta fue de un 33,3% a los 2 y 5 años, sin supervivientes a los 10 años, alcanzando un máximo de 108 meses. En aquellos con afectacion bronquial la supervivencia fue de un 75% a los 5 y 10 años. Concluimos que el carcinoma adenoide quístico es un tumor raro de las vías aéreas, localmente invasivo y con tendencia a la recidiva local, aunque de larga supervivencia cuando se puede aplicar un tratamiento quirúrgico con o sin radioterapia adyuvante.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma adenoide quisticoí
Pulmón

Until recently, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has been considered to be a borderline disease between benign and malignant because of its low level of malignancy, slow growth and scarce aggressivity. ACC is now a histologically well defined tumor and is currently classified as malignant; it has a prolonged natural history, is infiltrative, and tends to recur locally and give rise to local-regional metastases or, more rarely, remote metastases. Its incidence in the lower airways is low (0.1% of all broncho-pulmonary neoplasms). Eight patients (6 women and 2 men) have undergone surgery for ACC since 1969. The initial clinical picture included long-term evolution and symptoms were usually produced by large caliber obstruction of the airways, mainly affecting the trachea and large bronchi. Three cases involved the trachea resection with end-to-end anastomosis in two cases, right pneumonectomy in two others (one of which also involved tracheal carina resection), and two lobectomies. After thoracotomy, resection of the tumor was deemed impossible in two cases. Postoperative mortality was 12% (1 patient). Complementary radiotherapy was provided in the two non-resectable cases, or when there was invasion of resected edges or regional metastasis involving ganglia. Total survival was 71.4% after two years, 57.1% after five years and 38% after ten years, after excluding postoperative exitus. When the trachea was involved, survival was 33,3% after two and five years and nil after ten years, with the longest survival 108 months. When bronchi were involved, survival was 75% at five and ten years. We conclude that ACC is a rare, locally invasive tumor that tends to local recurrence, but that survival after surgery is prolonged with or without adjuvant radiotherapy.

Key words:
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Lung
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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