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Vol. 36. Issue 5.
Pages 245-250 (May 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 5.
Pages 245-250 (May 2000)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de pulmón: evaluación comparativa de los sistemas de estadificación de 1986 y 1997. Resultados en 500 pacientes consecutivos
Surgical treatment of lung cancer: comparative evaluation of the 1986 and 1997 staging systems. Results for 500 consecutive patients
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M. García-Yuste*, J.M. Matilla, J.L. Duque, F. Heras, L.J. Cerezal, G. Ramos
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario. Valladolid
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Objetivo

Evaluar la influencia de diferentes variables en la supervivencia con referencia a la estadificación de 1986 y 1997.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyeron en el estudio 500 pacientes afectados de cáncer de pulmón no de células pequeñas, tratados quirúrgicamente de 1980 a 1997; 473 eran varones y 27 mujeres. Resecciones practicadas: 184 lobectomías, 16 bilobectomías, 244 neumonectomías, 2 lobectomías broncoplásticas y 54 segmentectomías. Histología: 338 carcinomas epidermoides, 86 adenocarcinomas, 40 carcinomas de células grandes, 36 tumores mixtos. Diferenciación: 216 G1, 91 G2, 193 G3. Estadios de 1986: I: 246 (49,2%) (T1: 32; T2: 214); II: 27 (5,4%); IIIa: 197 (39,4%) (N0: 84; N1: 2; N2: 111); IIIb 23 (4,6%) (N0: 12; N2: 11), y IV: 7 (1,4%) (N0: 4; N2: 3). Se utilizó la estadificación de 1997 para la comparación de la supervivencia entre los tumores Ia y Ib, y IIb y IIIa.

Resultados

Transcurridos entre 2 y 17 años, 141 pacientes (28%) permanecen vivos, 26 (5%) perdidos y 333 han muerto. Mortalidad intraoperatoria: 2 (0,4%); postoperatoria: 36 (7,2%). De los 462 pacientes restantes, 295 fallecieron por diversas causas: metástasis 130 (44%), recidiva 81 (27%), causas funcionales 17 (6%), causas independientes 54 (18%), causas desconocidas 13 (4%). Supervivencia a 5 y 10 años: global 36 y 26%; histología: carcinomas epidermoides 36 y 26%; adenocarcinomas 35 y 26%; estadios: I: 51 y 41% (Ia, 81 y 75%; Ib, 44 y 33%); IIIa: 24 y 15 (IIb de 1997: 27 y 17%; IIIa de 1997: 20 y 13%); de acuerdo con factor N: N0: 44 y 34%; N2: 17 y 8% (1986) y 17 y 11% (1997).

Conclusiones

En este trabajo, la supervivencia hallada es concordante con otros estudios. La utilidad de la estadificación de 1997 se puede establecer en función de las diferencias de supervivencia hallada entre los estadios Ia y Ib y IIb y IIIa. Se aprecia una influencia de factores N y T, la histología y el estadio de la aparición de metástasis, así como el factor T en la de recidivas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pulmón
Cirugía
Estadificación
Objective

To evaluate the influence of different variables on survival in relation to the staging guidelines of 1986 and 1997.

Patients and methods

Five hundred patients (473 men and 27 women) with non-small cell lung cancer were treated surgically from 1980 to 1997. Resections performed: 184 lobectomies, 16 bi-lobectomies, 244 pneumonectomies, 2 bronchoplastic lobectomies, and 54 segmentectomies. Histology: 338 epidermoid, 86 adenocarcinoma, 40 giant cell, 36 mixed tumor. Differentiation: 216 N1, 91 N2, 193 N3. Stages according to 1986 guidelines were I: 246 (49.2%) (T1: 32, T2: 214); II: 27 (5.4%); IIIa: 197 (39.4%) (N0: 84; N1: 2; N2: 111); IIIb: 23 (4.6%) (N0: 12; N2: 11); and IV: 7 (1.4%) (N0: 4; N2: 3). Stages according to the 1997 guidelines were used for comparison of survival between patients with Ia and Ib tumors and with IIb and IIIa tumors.

Results

With follow-up periods ranging from 2 to 17 years, 141 patients (28%) were alive, 26 (5%) were lost to follow- up and 333 had died. Two patients (0.4%) died during surgery and 36 (7.2%) died during the postoperative period. Among the remaining 462 patients, 295 deaths were related to the following causes: metastasis in 130 cases (44%), recurrence in 81 cases (27%), functional causes in 17 (6%), independent causes in 54 (18%) and unknown causes in 13 (4%). Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 36 and 26%, respectively; survival rates by histological type: epidermoid 36 and 26%, adenocarcinoma 35 and 26%; stage I, 51 and 41% (Ia, 81 and 75%; Ib, 44 and 33%); IIIa 24 and 15% (IIb of 1997: 27 and 17%; IIIa of 1997: 20 and 13%). Survival by N factor: N0, 44 and 34%; N2, 17 and 8% (1986) and 17 and 11% (1997).

Conclusions

Survival agrees with other studies. The 1997 staging guidelines are useful for differentiating survival between stages Ia and Ib and between IIb and IIIa. N and T factors, histology and stage influence the appearance of metastasis; T factor influences recurrence.

Key words:
Lung cancer
Surgery
Staging
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