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Vol. 43. Issue 3.
Pages 171-175 (January 2007)
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Vol. 43. Issue 3.
Pages 171-175 (January 2007)
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Relationship Between Obesity and Asthma
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José A. Castro-Rodríguez
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jacastro@hotmail.com

Correspondence: Prof. J.A. Castro-Rodríguez. Lira, 44, 1.er piso, casilla 114-D. Santiago de Chile. Chile
Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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The prevalences of both obesity and asthma have clearly increased in recent decades, giving rise to speculation that they may be related. Studies have found that obesity precedes and predicts the onset of asthma (time effect), that increased obesity leads to more severe asthma (dose—response effect), that weight reduction (by diet or gastric bypass) improves asthmatic symptoms, and that obesity co-occurs with intermediate asthma phenotypes (obese young girls undergoing early menarche). In the light of that evidence, we can finally suggest a causal relationship between obesity and asthma. Various biological mechanisms (immunologic and inflammatory, hormonal, genetic, nutritional, mechanical, and others related to physical activity) have been put forth to explain the relationship. However, this relation is complex, involving not only the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in triggering both diseases but also the likely participation of several mechanisms at once.

Key words:
Asthma
Obesity
Overweight
Puberty

Las prevalencias de obesidad y asma se han incrementado ostensiblemente en las últimas décadas, lo que ha llevado a postular que ambas entidades pudiesen estar relacionadas. Si consideramos la existencia de estudios que demuestran que la obesidad precede y predice el desarrollo del asma (efecto de temporalidad), que a mayor grado de obesidad aumenta la gravedad del asma (efecto de dosis-respuesta), que la pérdida de peso (por dieta o derivación gástrica) mejora los síntomas del asma y que la obesidad coexiste con fenotipos intermedios de asma (púberes obesas con menarquia precoz), podemos finalmente plantear que la relación entre obesidad y asma sería de tipo causal. Se postulan varios mecanismos biológicos (inmunoinflamatorios, hormonales, genéticos, dietéticos, mecánicos y actividad física) para explicar esta relación. Sin embargo, esta relación es compleja y además de ser un ejemplo de cómo interactúan los genes y el ambiente en el origen de ambas enfermedades, lo más probable es que exista más de un mecanismo implicado.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Obesidad
Sobrepeso
Pubertad
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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