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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the efficacy of a specific program for the study and follow up of tuberculosis contacts&#46; To study factors related to low adherence to treatment and to the development of liver toxicity caused by isoniazid&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Between December 1996 and December 2002&#44; we found 458 contacts of 79 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients uninfected by human immunodeficiency virus&#46; The contacts were screened for tuberculosis infection and chemoprophylaxis was prescribed according to the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We identified 3 cases of tuberculosis among the contacts &#40;prevalence 0&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid was prescribed for 215 contacts&#46; One hundred sixty-nine &#40;79&#37;&#41; completed the prophylaxis protocol&#46; The rate of adherence to treatment was lower in immigrants than in nonimmigrants &#40;odds ratio&#44; 3&#46;42&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 1&#46;03-11&#46;04&#59; P&#61;&#46;02&#41;&#46; Forty-three patients &#40;22&#37;&#41; developed liver toxicity during treatment&#44; which had to be suspended in 3 cases&#46; Duration of chemoprophylaxis was the only independent variable associated with liver toxicity &#40;odds ratio&#44; 3&#46;80&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 1&#46;10-13&#46;13&#59; P&#61;&#46;03&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a specific program of study and follow up of tuberculosis contacts&#46; Immigrants require tailored strategies to improve their adherence to the program&#46; The duration of chemoprophylaxis plays an important role in the development of liver toxicity&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar la eficacia de un programa espec&#237;fico para el estudio y seguimiento de los contactos de los pacien-tes con tuberculosis&#46; Evaluar los factores relacionados con una baja adherencia al tratamiento y con el desarrollo de to-xicidad hep&#225;tica por isoniacida&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes Y M&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre diciembre de 1996 y diciembre de 2002 se censaron 458 contactos de 79 casos de tuberculosis pulmonar en pacientes sin infecci&#243;n por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana&#46; Se realiz&#243; cribado de infecci&#243;n tuberculosa y se indic&#243; quimioprofilaxis seg&#250;n la normativa vigente de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos 3 casos de tuberculosis entre los contactos &#40;prevalencia del 0&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Se indic&#243; quimioprofilaxis con isoniacida en 215 casos&#46; Un total de 169 &#40;79&#37;&#41; completaron el protocolo de quimioprofilaxis&#46; Los inmi-grantes mostraron baja adherencia al tratamiento frente a los que no lo eran &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 3&#44;42&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;03-11&#44;04&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;02&#41;&#46; Cuarenta y tres &#40;22&#37;&#41; pacientes presentaron toxicidad hep&#225;tica durante el tratamiento y en 3 de los casos tuvo que suspenderse&#46; S&#243;lo la duraci&#243;n de la quimioprofilaxis se asoci&#243; de forma independiente con el desarrollo de hepatotoxicidad <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;odds ratio &#61;</span> 3&#44;80&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;10-13&#44;13&#59; p &#61; 0&#44;03&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio demuestra la efectividad de un programa espec&#237;fico de estudio y seguimiento de los contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis&#46; Los inmigrantes requieren estrategias individuales para mejorar su adherencia al programa&#46; La duraci&#243;n de la quimioprofilaxis es un factor importante en el desarrollo de hepatotoxicidad&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 27-33 (January 2005)
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Vol. 41. Issue 1.
Pages 27-33 (January 2005)
Original Articles
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Primary Prevention and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection With Isoniazid: Efficacy of a Control Program, 1997-2002
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A. Martínez Sanchísa,
Corresponding author
martinez_adesan@gva.es

Correspondence: Dra. A. Martínez Sanchís. Brasil, 4, 3.° B. 03008 Alicante. España
, J.L. Calpe Calpea, G. Llavador Rosa, J. Ena Muñozb, A. Calpe Armeroc
a Sección de Neumología, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain
c Diplomado en Enfermería, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain
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Objective

To analyze the efficacy of a specific program for the study and follow up of tuberculosis contacts. To study factors related to low adherence to treatment and to the development of liver toxicity caused by isoniazid.

Patients and methods

Between December 1996 and December 2002, we found 458 contacts of 79 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients uninfected by human immunodeficiency virus. The contacts were screened for tuberculosis infection and chemoprophylaxis was prescribed according to the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR).

Results

We identified 3 cases of tuberculosis among the contacts (prevalence 0.8%). Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid was prescribed for 215 contacts. One hundred sixty-nine (79%) completed the prophylaxis protocol. The rate of adherence to treatment was lower in immigrants than in nonimmigrants (odds ratio, 3.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-11.04; P=.02). Forty-three patients (22%) developed liver toxicity during treatment, which had to be suspended in 3 cases. Duration of chemoprophylaxis was the only independent variable associated with liver toxicity (odds ratio, 3.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-13.13; P=.03).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a specific program of study and follow up of tuberculosis contacts. Immigrants require tailored strategies to improve their adherence to the program. The duration of chemoprophylaxis plays an important role in the development of liver toxicity.

Key Words:
Contact study
Chemoprophylaxis
Latent tuberculosis infection
Isoniazid
Objetivo

Analizar la eficacia de un programa específico para el estudio y seguimiento de los contactos de los pacien-tes con tuberculosis. Evaluar los factores relacionados con una baja adherencia al tratamiento y con el desarrollo de to-xicidad hepática por isoniacida.

Pacientes Y Métodos

Entre diciembre de 1996 y diciembre de 2002 se censaron 458 contactos de 79 casos de tuberculosis pulmonar en pacientes sin infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Se realizó cribado de infección tuberculosa y se indicó quimioprofilaxis según la normativa vigente de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica.

Resultados

Encontramos 3 casos de tuberculosis entre los contactos (prevalencia del 0,8%). Se indicó quimioprofilaxis con isoniacida en 215 casos. Un total de 169 (79%) completaron el protocolo de quimioprofilaxis. Los inmi-grantes mostraron baja adherencia al tratamiento frente a los que no lo eran (odds ratio = 3,42; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,03-11,04; p = 0,02). Cuarenta y tres (22%) pacientes presentaron toxicidad hepática durante el tratamiento y en 3 de los casos tuvo que suspenderse. Sólo la duración de la quimioprofilaxis se asoció de forma independiente con el desarrollo de hepatotoxicidad (odds ratio = 3,80; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,10-13,13; p = 0,03).

Conclusiones

Nuestro estudio demuestra la efectividad de un programa específico de estudio y seguimiento de los contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis. Los inmigrantes requieren estrategias individuales para mejorar su adherencia al programa. La duración de la quimioprofilaxis es un factor importante en el desarrollo de hepatotoxicidad.

Palabras clave:
Liver toxicity
Estudio de contactos
Quimioprofilaxis
Infección tuberculosa latente
Isoniacida
Hepatotoxicidad
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