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Vol. 40. Issue 11.
Pages 537-539 (November 2004)
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Vol. 40. Issue 11.
Pages 537-539 (November 2004)
Case Reports
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Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia Resolved Through Antiretroviral Therapy in an Adult Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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R. García Luján, J.M. Echave-Sustaeta, C. García Quero
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rglujan@hotmail.com

Correspondence: Dr. R. García Luján. C/ Santiago de Compostela, 38, 6.°B. 28034 Madrid. España
, V. Pérez González, V. Villena Garrido, A. López Encuentra
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare entity characterized by the infiltration of interstitial tissues and alveolar spaces by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other lymphoreticular structures. The etiology of LIP is unknown, although associations with autoimmune and infectious factors have been described. The incidence of LIP has risen in recent years, mainly in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), while remaining less common in the adult population. No agreement has been reached regarding the diagnostic tests necessary for a firm diagnosis although suspicion is usually based on clinical and radiographic findings, with confirmation provided by examination of histological samples. The most common treatment is corticosteroids, either alone or in combination with other immunosuppressant agents although no evidence from controlled trials is available and cases have been reported in which LIP resolved in AIDS patients with antiretroviral therapy alone. We report the case of a human immunodeficiency virus-infected adult who was diagnosed with LIP by open lung biopsy and who responded to antiretroviral drugs with no need for associated corticosteroid therapy.

Key Words:
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
HIV
Antiretroviral drugs

La neumonía intersticial linfoidea es una entidad poco frecuente, caracterizada por la infiltración del intersticio y los espacios alveolares por linfocitos, células plasmáticas y otros elementos linforreticulares. Su etiología es desconocida y se asocian factores autoinmunitarios e infecciosos. La incidencia ha aumentado en los últimos años, fundamentalmen-te en niños y en relación con el síndrome de la inmunodefi-ciencia adquirida, siendo más rara en la población adulta. No hay acuerdo en cuanto a las pruebas diagnósticas nece-sarias para su confirmación, aunque la sospecha suele ba-sarse en datos clínicos y radiológicos, y debe confirmarse con muestras histológicas. El tratamiento más empleado son los esteroides, bien solos o en combinación con otros agentes inmunodepresores, aunque no hay ensayos controlados y se han descrito casos de pacientes con sida resueltos con tratamiento antirretroviral exclusivamente. Presentamos el caso de un adulto con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficien-cia adquirida al que se diagnosticó de neumonía intersticial linfoidea en nuestro servicio mediante biopsia pulmonar abierta y que se resolvió con antirretrovirales sin precisar de tratamiento esteroideo asociado.

Palabras clave:
Neumonía intersticial linfoidea
VIH
Fármacos antirretrovirales
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