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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the single most deadly microorganism worldwide. A third of the world population is thought to have latent tuberculosis and approximately 2 million people die of the disease each year. Short and closely supervised treatment regimens are needed, but it is also essential to develop new strategies to ensure prompt diagnosis of the disease. In particular, cheap methods are needed to tackle tuberculosis from a population perspective. The present article reviews the advances in immunology and molecular strategies for epidemiological diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis patients.
Key words:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mimotopes MIRU-VNTR Hsp65
IS6110
Diagnosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis es el microorganismo que por sí solo ha ocasionado el mayor número de muertes a escala mundial. Se estima que la tercera parte de la población mundial presenta tuberculosis latente, y cada año mueren alrededor de 2 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Además de la aplicación rigurosa del tratamiento acortado y estrictamente supervisado, es imperativo el desarrollo y aplicación de nuevas estrategias que permitan el diagnóstico oportuno de la enfermedad, particularmente de métodos de bajo coste que permitan abordar la problemática de la tuberculosis desde una perspectiva poblacional. En el presente trabajo se revisan los avances en las estrategias inmunológicas y moleculares para el diagnóstico y seguimiento epidemiológico de los pacientes tuberculosos.
Palabras clave:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mimótopos
MIRU-VNTR
Hsp65
IS6110
Diagnóstico
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Dr Palma-Nicolás was supported by a grant from the National Science and Technology Council (CONACYT) for his doctorate studies in Mexico (2002–2006). The Multidisciplinary Academic Unit (UAM) Reynosa Aztlán of the Universidad Autónoma of Tamaulipas also provided economic support for the preparation of the present manuscript.
Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
