Journal Information
Vol. 42. Issue 10.
Pages 533-540 (October 2006)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 42. Issue 10.
Pages 533-540 (October 2006)
Review Article
Full text access
Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Asthma Exacerbations: Essential Concepts
Visits
9988
Gustavo Javier Rodrigo
Corresponding author
gurodrig@adinet.com.uy

Correspondence: Dr. G.J. Rodrigo. Clínica Respirar. Obligado, 1180/203. Montevideo 11300. Uruguay
Clínica Respirar, Montevideo, Uruguay
This item has received
Article information

The use of systemic corticosteroids reduces hospitalizations in patients suffering an asthma attack and improves lung function within 6 to 12 hours of administration. However, despite the considerable body of positive evidence published in the last decade, doubts remain in regard to the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids. Analysis of this evidence has been cursory; crucial data on the mechanism of action of corticosteroids have been overlooked and there has been a failure to distinguish between antiinflammatory effects and so-called nongenomic effects. This review considers the biological basis for the effects of inhaled corticosteroids and analyzes the best data available on the use and therapeutic implications of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma exacerbations.

Key words:
Corticosteroids
Fluticasone
Budesonide
Beclomethasone
Acute asthma

El uso de corticoides sistémicos reduce las hospitalizaciones y mejora la función pulmonar al cabo de 6 a 12 h desde su administración en pacientes con crisis asmáticas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la considerable evidencia surgida de publicaciones durante la última década, los corticoides inhalados no se han considerado efectivos. El análisis de esta evidencia ha sido superficial, ya que se han obviado aspectos fundamentales relacionados con los mecanismos de acción y no se han distinguido los efectos antiinflamatorios de los denominados efectos no genómicos. Así pues, el objetivo de esta revision es aclarar las bases biológicas de los efectos de los corticoides inhalados, analizar la mejor evidencia disponible con respecto a su uso en el tratamiento de las exacerbaciones asmáticas y las repercusiones terapéuticas que surgen de ella.

Palabras clave:
Corticoides
Fluticasona
Budesonida
Beclometasona
Asma aguda
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. NIH Publication 02-3659, 2005.
[2]
GJ Rodrigo, C Rodrigo, LJ Nannini.
Asma fatal o casi fatal: ¿entidad clínica o manejo inadecuado?.
Arch Bronconeumol, 40 (2004), pp. 24-33
[3]
GJ Rodrigo, C Rodrigo, JB Hall.
Acute asthma in adults. A review.
Chest, 125 (2004), pp. 1091-2002
[4]
G Rodrigo, C Rodrigo.
Corticosteroids in the emergency department therapy of adult acute asthma treatment: an evidence-based evaluation.
Chest, 121 (2002), pp. 1977-1987
[5]
Rowe BH, Spooner C, Ducharme FM, Bretzlaff JA, Bota GW. Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2001. 10.1002/14651858.
[6]
S Husby, L Agertoft, S Mortesen, S Pedersen.
Treatment of croup with nebulized steroid (budesonide): a double-blind, placebo controlled study.
Arch Dis Child, 68 (1993), pp. 352-355
[7]
DF Pansegrouw.
Acute resistant asthma caused by excessive beta-2-adrenoceptor agonist inhalation and reversed by inhalation of beclomethasone.
S Afr Med J, 82 (1992), pp. 179-182
[8]
RJ Scarfone, JM Loiselle, JF Wiley, JM Decker, FM Henretig, MG Joffe.
Nebulized dexamethasone versus oral prednisone in the emergency department of asthmatic children.
Ann Emerg Med, 26 (1995), pp. 480-486
[9]
Edmonds ML, Camargo CA Jr, Pollack CV Jr. Rowe BH. Early use of inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department treatment of acute asthma. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Review; 2003. Issue 3. 10.1002/14651858.
[10]
A Foresi, P Paggiaro.
Inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers in the acute treatment of asthma exacerbations.
Curr Opin Pulm Med, 9 (2003), pp. 52-56
[11]
L Hendeles, J Sherman.
Are inhaled corticosteroids effective for acute exacerbations of asthma in children?.
J Pediatr, 142 (2003), pp. S26-S33
[12]
PJ Barnes, IM Adcock.
How do corticosteroids work in asthma?.
Ann Intern Med, 139 (2003), pp. 359-370
[13]
R Losel, M Wehling.
Nongenomic actions of steroid hormones.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 4 (2003), pp. 46-56
[14]
A Wanner, G Horvath, JL Brieva, SD Kumar, FS Mendes.
Nongenomic actions of glucocorticoids on the airway vasculature in asthma.
Proc Am Thorac Soc, 1 (2004), pp. 235-238
[15]
H Selye.
Correlations between the chemical structure and the pharmacological actions of the steroids.
Endocrinology, 30 (1942), pp. 437-453
[16]
K Klein, W Henk.
Klinisch-experimentelle Utersuchungen über den Einfluß von Aldosteron auf Hämodynamik und Gerinnung.
Z Kreisi Forsch, 52 (1963), pp. 40-53
[17]
SD Kumar, JL Brieva, I Danta, A Wanner.
Transient effect of inhaled fluticasone on airway mucosal blood flow in subjects with and without asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 918-921
[18]
ES Mendes, A Pereira, I Danta, RC Duncan, A Wanner.
Comparative bronchial vasoconstrictive efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids.
Eur Respir J, 21 (2003), pp. 989-993
[19]
G Horvath, Z Sutto, A Torbati, GE Conner, M Salathe, A Wanner.
Norepinephrine transported by the extraneuronal monoamine transporter in human bronchial arterial smooth muscle cells.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 10 (2003), pp. 1152-1158
[20]
G Rodrigo, C Rodrigo.
Inhaled flunisolide for acute severe asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157 (1998), pp. 698-703
[21]
M Afilalo, A Guttman, A Colacone, J Dankoff, C Tselios, C Stern, et al.
Efficacy of inhaled steroids (beclomethasone dipropionate) for treatment of mild to moderately severe asthma in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial.
Ann Emerg Med, 33 (1999), pp. 304-309
[22]
SC Singhi, S Banerjee, HM Nanjundaswamy.
Inhaled budesonide in acute asthma.
J Paediatr Child Health, 35 (1999), pp. 483-487
[23]
YG Tsai, MY Lee, KD Yang, DM Chu, YS Yuh, CH Hung.
A single dose of nebulized budesonide decreases exhaled nitric oxide in children with acute asthma.
J Pediatr, 139 (2001), pp. 433-437
[24]
GJ Rodrigo, C Rodrigo.
Triple inhaled drug protocol for the treatment of acute severe asthma.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 1908-1915
[25]
E Estrada-Reyes, BE del Río-Navarro, MA Rosas-Vargas, AA Nava-Ocampo.
Co-administration of salbutamol and fluticasone for emergency treatment of children with moderate acute asthma.
Peadiatr Allergy Immunol, 16 (2005), pp. 609-614
[26]
BE Sekerel, C Sackesen, A Tuncer, G Adalioglu.
The effect of nebulized budesonide treatment in children with mild to moderate exacerbations of asthma.
Acta Paedriatr, 94 (2005), pp. 1372-1377
[27]
L Sung, NH Osmond, TP Klassen.
Randomized, controlled trial of inhaled budesonide as an adjunct to oral prednisone in acute asthma.
Acad Emerg Med, 5 (1998), pp. 209-213
[28]
A Guttman, M Afilalo, A Colacone, H Kreisman, C Dankoff, C Tselios, et al.
The effects of combined intravenous and inhaled steroids (beclomethasone dipropionate) for the emergency treatment of acute asthma.
Acad Emerg Med, 4 (1997), pp. 100-106
[29]
Y Nuhoglu, E Atas, C Nuhoglu, M Iscan, S Ozcay.
Acute effect of nebulized budesonide in asthmatic patients.
J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol, 15 (2005), pp. 197-200
[30]
B Volovitz, L Bentur, Y Finkelstein, Y Mansour, S Shalitin, M Nussinovitcl, et al.
Effectiveness and safety of inhaled corticosteroids in controlling acute asthma attacks in children who were treated in the emergency department: a controlled comparative study with oral prednisolone.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 102 (1998), pp. 605-609
[31]
Devidayal, S Singhi, L Kumar, M Jayshree.
Efficacy of nebulized budesonide compared to oral prednisolone in acute bronchial asthma.
Acta Paediatr, 88 (1999), pp. 835-840
[32]
S Schuh, J Reisman, M Alsheri, A Dupuis, M Corney, R Arseneault, et al.
A comparison of inhaled fluticasone and oral prednisone for children with severe acute asthma.
N Engl J Med, 343 (2000), pp. 689-694
[33]
GKM Milani, NA Rosário Filho, CA Riedi, BC Figueiredo.
Nebulized budesonide to treat acute asthma in children.
J Pediatr (Rio J), 80 (2004), pp. 106-112
[34]
GJ Rodrigo.
Comparison of inhaled fluticasone with intravenous hydrocortisone in the treatment of adult acute asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 171 (2005), pp. 1231-1236
[35]
GJ Rodrigo.
Systemic versus topical glucocorticoid therapy for acute asthma [letter].
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 172 (2005), pp. 1055
[36]
Rodrigo GJ. Rapid effects of inhaled corticosteroids in acute asthma: an evidence-based evaluation. Chest, in press.
Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?