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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 279-285 (June 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 279-285 (June 2009)
Original Article
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Inflammatory Cytokines and Repair Factors in the Intercostal Muscles of Patients With Severe COPD
Citocinas inflamatorias y factores de reparación en los músculos intercostales de pacientes con EPOC grave
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Carme Casadevall, Carlos Coronell, Pilar Ausín, Juana Martínez-Llorens, Mauricio Orozco-Levi, Esther Barreiro, Joaquim Gea
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jgea@imim.es

Corresponding author.
, on behalf of the ENIGMA Group in COPD
Servei de Pneumologia-URMAR, Hospital del Mar-Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes), ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Bunyola, Balears, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

There is disagreement regarding the local action of cytokines in the respiratory muscles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between cytokine expression and genetic activation of the mechanisms of muscle repair.

Patients and Methods

Twenty-five patients with severe COPD and in stable condition were enrolled in the study. We performed a biopsy of the external intercostal muscle of the patients and analyzed the specimen for signs of muscle lesion (morphometry), infiltration of inflammatory cells (immunohistochemistry), and expression of selected genes (real-time polymerase chain reaction technique) corresponding to the cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and its type 1 and 2 receptors [TNFR1 and TNFR2], and interleukin [IL] 1β, IL-6, and IL-10), a pan-leukocyte marker (CD18), and key molecules in the repairmyogenesis pathways (Pax7, M-cadherin, and MyoD).

Results

Expression of TNFR2 is directly related to inspiratory muscle function (represented by maximum sustainable inspiratory pressure; r=0.496; P<.05), whereas expression of CD18 is inversely related (r=0.462; P<.05). Moreover, expression of the 2 TNF-α receptors was directly related to that of the key molecules of the repair pathways analyzed (TNFR1 to Pax7 [r=0.650; P<.001] and M-cadherin [r=0.678; P<.001]; TNFR2 to Pax7 [r=0.395; P<.05], M-cadherin [r=0.409; P<.05], and MyoD [r=0.418; P<.05]).

Conclusions

Expression of TNF-α receptors bears a close relationship both to activation of the myogenesis programs and to inspiratory muscle function. This reinforces our hypothesis that some local cytokines take part in the repair of respiratory muscles in patients with COPD.

Keywords:
Cellular damage
Myokines
Inflammation
Repair
Respiratory muscles
Resumen
Introducción

Las acciones locales de las citocinas en los músculos de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) se hallan sometidas a debate. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar las relaciones entre su expresión y la activación genética de programas de reparación muscular.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyó en el estudio a 25 pacientes con EPOC grave en situación estable. Se les realizó una biopsia del músculo intercostal externo, donde se evaluaron los signos de lesión muscular (morfometría), la infiltración de células inflamatorias (inmunohistoquímica) y la expresión de genes seleccionados (técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real) correspondientes a las propias citocinas –factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) y sus receptores 1 y 2 (TNFR1 y TNFR2), e interleucinas-1β, 6 y 10–, un marcador panleucocitario (CD18) y moléculas clave en las vías de reparación-miogénesis (Pax7, M-Caderina y Mio-D).

Resultados

La expresión de TNFR2 se relacionó directamente con la función muscular inspiratoria (representada por la presión inspiratoria máxima sostenible; r = 0,496, p < 0,05), mientras que la expresión de CD18 se relacionó inversamente con ella (r = −0,462, p < 0,05). Por otra parte, la expresión de los 2 receptores del TNF-α se relacionó directamente con la de las moléculas clave de las vías de reparación analizadas (TNFR1 con Pax7, r = 0,650, y M-Caderina, r = 0,678, ambas con p < 0,001; TNFR2 con Pax7, r = 0,395, M-Caderina, r = 0,409, y Mio-D, r = 0,418, con p < 0,05 en todas).

Conclusiones

La expresión de los receptores del TNF-α guarda una estrecha relación tanto con la activación de los programas de miogénesis como con la propia función muscular inspiratoria. Este hecho refuerza nuestra hipótesis de que algunas citocinas locales participan en la reparación de los músculos respiratorios en los pacientes con EPOC.

Palabras clave:
Daño celular
Miocinas
Inflamación
Reparación
Músculos respiratorios
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