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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 286-290 (June 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 286-290 (June 2009)
Original Article
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients With Acute Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en pacientes con tromboembolia de pulmón aguda sintomática
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Carolina Fernándeza, David Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
djc_69_98@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, Javier de Miguelb, David Martíc, Gema Díazd, Antonio Sueiroa
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Background

The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is often complicated by the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Some studies have suggested that patients with PE and concomitant COPD have a worse prognosis than patients without COPD.

Patients and Methods

Outpatients diagnosed with acute symptomatic PE at a university tertiary care hospital were prospectively included in the study. Clinical characteristics, time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis, and outcome were analyzed according to presence or absence of COPD. The primary endpoint was all-cause deaths at 3 months.

Results

Of 882 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute symptomatic PE, 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%-9%) had COPD. Patients with COPD were significantly more likely to have a delay in diagnosis of more than 3 days and to have a low pretest probability of pulmonary embolism according to a standardized clinical score. The total number of deaths during 3 months of follow-up was 128 (14%; 95% CI, 12%-17%). Factors significantly associated with mortality from all causes were a history of cancer or immobilization, systolic blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg, and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation less than 90%. COPD was significantly associated with PE-related death in the logistic regression analysis (relative risk, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-5.1).

Conclusions

Patients with COPD and PE more often have a lower pretest probability and a longer delay in diagnosis of PE. COPD is significantly associated with PE-related death in the 3 months following diagnosis.

Keywords:
Pulmonary embolism
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Prognosis
Resumen
Introducción

El diagnóstico de tromboembolia de pulmón (TEP) es a menudo complicado en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Además, algunos estudios indican que la EPOC empeora el pronóstico de los pacientes con TEP.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyó prospectivamente en el estudio a todos los pacientes ambulatorios diagnosticados de TEP aguda sintomática en un hospital universitario terciario. Se compararon las características clínicas, el intervalo de tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico y el pronóstico en función de la presencia o ausencia de EPOC. El criterio de evaluación principal fue la muerte por todas las causas a los 3 meses.

Resultados

Se incluyó a 882 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de TEP aguda sintomática. La prevalencia de EPOC fue de un 8% (intervalo confianza [IC] del 95%, 6-9%). En los pacientes con EPOC, fueron significativamente más frecuentes un retraso diagnóstico de la TEP superior a 3 días y una probabilidad clínica baja según una escala clínica estandarizada. Se produjo el fallecimiento de 128 pacientes (14%; IC del 95%, 12-17%) en los primeros 3 meses de seguimiento. Los antecedentes de cáncer y de inmovilización médica, las cifras de presión arterial sistólica menores de 100 mmHg y la saturación de oxígeno inferior al 90% se asociaron de forma significativa a la mortalidad por todas las causas. El antecedente de EPOC se asoció de forma significativa a la mortalidad por TEP en el análisis de regresión logística (riesgo relativo = 2,2; IC del 95%, 1,0-5,1).

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con EPOC y TEP presentan con más frecuencia una probabilidad clínica baja y un mayor retraso en el diagnóstico de la TEP que los pacientes sin EPOC. La EPOC se asocia de manera significativa a mortalidad por TEP en los 3 meses posteriores al diagnóstico.

Palabras clave:
Tromboembolia de pulmón
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
(EPOC)
Pronóstico
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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