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Vol. 44. Issue 2.
Pages 81-86 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 2.
Pages 81-86 (January 2008)
Special Article
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Critical Analysis of Asthma Guidelines: Are They Really Evidence-Based?
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Gustavo J. Rodrigo
Corresponding author
gurodrig@adinet.com.uy

Correspondence: Dr GJ Rodrigo Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas Avda. 8 de Octubre 3.02011600 Montevideo, Uruguay
Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Latinoamericano de Economía Humana del Uruguay (CLAEH), Punta del Este, Uruguay
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Recent years have seen a growing reliance on “evidence-based” guidelines or consensus statements, in which rigorous, explicit methods are used to translate the complex findings of scientific research into operational recommendations for medical care. Various factors can affect the validity of the conclusions they express, however. The purpose of this review was to compare the levels of evidence supporting treatments for acute asthma in adults according to 3 of the most important guidelines. It seems that even though these guidelines are based on an approach that is more or less rigorous, there are considerable gaps and inconsistencies that compromise their validity. Our main sources of information should therefore be those that apply the best research designs, namely randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of such trials with consistent results and a low probability of bias.

Key words:
Guidelines
Consensus
Asthma
Evidence-based medicine
Therapeutics

En los últimos años se ha producido un movimiento creciente hacia el uso de métodos explícitos y rigurosos que conduzcan al desarrollo de guías o consensos “basados en la evidencia”, capaces de convertir los complejos hallazgos de la investigación científica en recomendaciones operativas del cuidado médico. Sin embargo, diferentes factores son potencialmente capaces de afectar a la validez de sus conclusiones. El objetivo de esta revisión consistió en realizar un análisis comparativo de los niveles de evidencia asignados a los tratamientos del asma aguda en el adulto en 3 de las guías más importantes sobre asma. Se puede concluir que, a pesar de que estas guías se desarrollaron con una metodología más o menos rigurosa, presentan importantes carencias o incongruencias que pueden comprometer su validez. En consecuencia, nuestras fuentes prioritarias de información deben ser las de mayor calidad metodológica, es decir, los ensayos aleatorizados y controlados o los metaanálisis de ensayos aleatorizados y controlados con resultados consistentes y baja probabilidad de sesgo.

Palabras clave:
Guías
Consensos
Asma
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Tratamiento
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