Journal Information
Vol. 44. Issue 2.
Pages 81-86 (January 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 44. Issue 2.
Pages 81-86 (January 2008)
Special Article
Full text access
Critical Analysis of Asthma Guidelines: Are They Really Evidence-Based?
Visits
5161
Gustavo J. Rodrigo
Corresponding author
gurodrig@adinet.com.uy

Correspondence: Dr GJ Rodrigo Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas Avda. 8 de Octubre 3.02011600 Montevideo, Uruguay
Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas, Montevideo, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Latinoamericano de Economía Humana del Uruguay (CLAEH), Punta del Este, Uruguay
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

Recent years have seen a growing reliance on “evidence-based” guidelines or consensus statements, in which rigorous, explicit methods are used to translate the complex findings of scientific research into operational recommendations for medical care. Various factors can affect the validity of the conclusions they express, however. The purpose of this review was to compare the levels of evidence supporting treatments for acute asthma in adults according to 3 of the most important guidelines. It seems that even though these guidelines are based on an approach that is more or less rigorous, there are considerable gaps and inconsistencies that compromise their validity. Our main sources of information should therefore be those that apply the best research designs, namely randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of such trials with consistent results and a low probability of bias.

Key words:
Guidelines
Consensus
Asthma
Evidence-based medicine
Therapeutics

En los últimos años se ha producido un movimiento creciente hacia el uso de métodos explícitos y rigurosos que conduzcan al desarrollo de guías o consensos “basados en la evidencia”, capaces de convertir los complejos hallazgos de la investigación científica en recomendaciones operativas del cuidado médico. Sin embargo, diferentes factores son potencialmente capaces de afectar a la validez de sus conclusiones. El objetivo de esta revisión consistió en realizar un análisis comparativo de los niveles de evidencia asignados a los tratamientos del asma aguda en el adulto en 3 de las guías más importantes sobre asma. Se puede concluir que, a pesar de que estas guías se desarrollaron con una metodología más o menos rigurosa, presentan importantes carencias o incongruencias que pueden comprometer su validez. En consecuencia, nuestras fuentes prioritarias de información deben ser las de mayor calidad metodológica, es decir, los ensayos aleatorizados y controlados o los metaanálisis de ensayos aleatorizados y controlados con resultados consistentes y baja probabilidad de sesgo.

Palabras clave:
Guías
Consensos
Asma
Medicina basada en la evidencia
Tratamiento
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1]
Clinical practice guidelines: directions for a new program,
[2]
SH Woolf, R Grol, A Hutchinson, M Ecdes, J Grimshaw.
Clinical guidelines. Potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines.
BMJ, 318 (1999), pp. 527-530
[3]
G Feder, M Eccles, R Grol, C Griffiths, J Grimshaw.
Clinical guidelines. Using clinical guidelines.
BMJ, 318 (1999), pp. 728-730
[4]
JM Grimshaw, IT Russell.
Effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice: a systematic review of rigorous evaluations.
Lancet, 342 (1993), pp. 1317-1322
[5]
MA O'Brien, N Freemantle, AD Oxman, F Wolf, DA Davis, J Herrin.
Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2001), pp. CD003030
[6]
TM Shaneyfelt, MF Mayo-Smith, J Rothwangl.
Are guidelines following guidelines? The methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines in the peer-reviewed medical literature.
JAMA, 281 (1999), pp. 1900-1905
[7]
RL Kane.
Creating practice guidelines: the dangers of over–reliance on expert judgment.
J Law Med Ethics, 23 (1995), pp. 62-64
[8]
PG Shekelle, SH Woolf, M Eccles, J Grimshaw.
Clinical guidelines. Developing guidelines.
BMJ, 318 (1999), pp. 593-596
[9]
A Haines, R Jones.
Implementing findings of research.
BMJ, 308 (1994), pp. 1488-1492
[10]
RN Shiffman, P Shekelle, JM Overhage, J Slutsky, J Grimshaw, AM Deshpande.
Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines: a proposal from the conference on guideline standardization.
Ann Intern Med, 139 (2003), pp. 493-498
[11]
Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Revised 2006. Global INnitiative for asthma. http://www.ginasthma.com. Accessed April 28, 2007.
[12]
Heart National Institute Lung and Blood.
Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, National Institutes of Health, (2007),
[13]
British Thoracic Society. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma. A national clinical guide. Revised edition. November 2005. http://www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/published/support/guideline63. Accessed April 26, 2007.
[14]
AR Jadad, M Moher, GP Browman, L Booker, C Sigouis, M Fuentes, et al.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on treatment of asthma: critical evaluation.
BMJ, 320 (2000), pp. 537-540
[15]
R Harbour, Miller J for the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Grading Review Group.
A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines.
BMJ, 323 (2001), pp. 334-336
[16]
CA Camargo, HA Smithline, MP Malice, SA Green, TF Reiss.
A randomized controlled trial of intravenous montelukast in acute asthma.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 167 (2003), pp. 528-533
[17]
AC Cylly, A Kara, T Ozdemir, C Oqvüs, KH Gülkesen.
Effects of oral montelukast on airway function in acute asthma.
Respir Med, 97 (2003), pp. 533-536
[18]
RA Silverman, RM Nowak, PE Korenblat, E Skobeloff, Y Chen, CM Bonuccelli, et al.
Zafirlukast treatment for acute asthma. Evaluation in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial.
Chest, 126 (2004), pp. 1480-1489
[19]
GJ Rodrigo, C Rodrigo, CV Pollack, B Rowe.
Use of helium-oxygen mixtures in the treatment of acute asthma. A systematic review.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 891-896
[20]
G Rodrigo, C Pollack, C Rodrigo, BH Rowe.
Heliox for nonintubated acute asthma patients.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2006), pp. CD002884
[21]
R Manser, D Reid, M Abramson.
Corticosteroids for acute severe asthma in hospitalised patients.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2001), pp. CD001740
[22]
BH Rowe, JA Bretzlaff, C Bourdon, GW Bota, CA Camargo.
Magnesium sulfate for treating exacerbations of acute asthma in the emergency department.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2000), pp. CD001490
[23]
RA Silverman, H Osborn, J Runge, EJ Gallagher, W Chiang, J Feldman, et al.
IV magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma. A multicenter randomized controlled trial.
Chest, 122 (2002), pp. 489-497
[24]
A Soroksky, D Stav, I Shpire.
A pilot prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bilevel positive airway pressure in acute asthmatic attack.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 1018-1025
[25]
MB Dolovich, RC Ahrens, DR Hess, P Anderson, R Dhaud, JL Rau, et al.
Device selection and outcomes of aerosol therapy: evidence-based guidelines. American College of Chest Physicians/American College of Asthma, Allergy, and Immunology.
Chest, 127 (2005), pp. 335-371
[26]
CJ Cates, JA Crilly, BH Rowe.
Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2006), pp. CD000052
[27]
ER McFadden, HA Lyons.
Arterial-blood gas tension in asthma.
N Engl J Med, 278 (1968), pp. 1027-1032
[28]
AS Rebuck, J Read.
Assessment and management of severe asthma.
Am J Med, 51 (1971), pp. 788-798
[29]
PF Jenkins, GF Benfield, AP Smith.
Predicting recovery from acute severe asthma.
Thorax, 36 (1981), pp. 835-841
[30]
NA Molfino, LJ Nannini, AN Martelli, AS Slutsky.
Respiratory arrest in near-fatal asthma.
N Engl J Med, 324 (1991), pp. 285-288
[31]
GJ Rodrigo, M Rodríguez Verde, V Peregalli, C Rodrigo.
Effects of short-term 28% and 100% oxygen on paCO2 and peak expiratory flow rate in acute asthma. A randomized trial.
Chest, 124 (2003), pp. 1312-1317
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?