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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41;&#46; It is not clear whether the high cardiovascular comorbidity is due to an increase in traditional risk factors or whether&#44; in contrast&#44; COPD can be considered an independent risk factor&#46; The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidity in a community-based population treated for COPD&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a concurrent multicenter&#44; cross-sectional study that included 572 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COPD&#46; Information on cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity was collected by extracting data from the medical records of the participating center&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean &#40;SD&#41; forced expiratory volume in 1 second &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41; was 53&#46;7&#37; &#40;16&#46;85&#37;&#41; of predicted and the ratio of FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> to forced vital capacity was 57&#46;9&#37; &#40;10&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Hypertension was reported in 53&#37;&#44; obesity in 27&#37;&#44; dyslipidemia in 26&#37;&#44; and diabetes in 23&#37; of the patients&#46; The prevalence of risk factors was not related to disease severity&#44; but there was a trend towards an association with age&#46; In the study group&#44; 16&#46;4&#37; had ischemic heart disease&#44; 7&#37; cerebrovascular disease&#44; and 17&#37; peripheral vascular disease&#46; Cardiovascular disease was not associated with COPD severity&#44; but such an association was reported for age and traditional risk factors&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in patients with COPD&#46; The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease exceeds that reported in the general population&#46; No relationship was found between the severity of airflow obstruction and the presence of cardiovascular comorbidity&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad cardiovascular es una causa de muerte frecuente en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41;&#46; No est&#225; claro si el exceso de comorbilidad cardiovascular se relaciona con un incremento de factores de riesgo cl&#225;sicos o si&#44; por el contrario&#44; la EPOC puede considerarse un factor de riesgo independiente&#46; El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular en una poblaci&#243;n atendida en la comunidad por presentar EPOC&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio multic&#233;ntrico&#44; concurrente y transversal&#44; en el que se incluy&#243; a 572 pacientes con diagn&#243;stico confirmado de EPOC&#46; Se recogieron datos de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular extra&#237;dos de la historia cl&#237;nica del centro&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El valor medio &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo era del 53&#44;7 &#177; 16&#44;85&#37; y la relaci&#243;n volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#47;capacidad vital forzada del 57&#44;9 &#177; 10&#44;9&#37;&#46; La prevalencia de hipertensi&#243;n arterial era del 53&#37;&#44; la de obesidad del 27&#37;&#44; la de dislipemia del 26&#37; y la de diabetes del 23&#37;&#46; La prevalencia de factores de riesgo no se relacion&#243; con la gravedad de la enfermedad&#44; pero s&#237; hab&#237;a una tendencia de asociaci&#243;n con la edad&#46; La prevalencia de cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica fue del 16&#44;4&#37;&#44; la de enfermedad cerebrovascular del 7&#37; y la de enfermedad vascular perif&#233;rica del 17&#37;&#46; La prevalencia de comorbilidad vascular no se relacion&#243; con la gravedad de la enfermedad&#44; pero s&#237; con la edad y los factores de riesgo cl&#225;sicos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con EPOC muestran una elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#46; La prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebrovascular excede la comunicada en poblaci&#243;n general&#46; No se ha observado relaci&#243;n entre la gravedad de la obstrucci&#243;n al flujo a&#233;reo y la presencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 44. Issue 5.
Pages 233-238 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 5.
Pages 233-238 (January 2008)
Original Articles
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results of the ARCE Study
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Pilar de Lucas-Ramosa,
Corresponding author
plucasr.hgugm@salud.madrid.org

Correspondence: Dr P. de Lucas-Ramos Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Dr. Esquerdo, 46 28007 Madrid, Spain
, José Luis Izquierdo-Alonsob, José Miguel Rodríguez-González Moroa, José María Bellón-Canoc, Julio Ancochea-Bermúdezd, Myrian Calle-Rubioe, Eduardo Calvo-Corbellaf, Jesús Molina-Parísg, Esteban Pérez-Rodríguezh, Sonia Ponsi
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario, Guadalajara, Spain
c Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
e Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
f Centro de Salud Universitario Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
g Centro de Salud Francia, Madrid, Spain
h Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
i Departamento Médico, Laboratorios Esteve, Barcelona, Spain
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Objective

Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not clear whether the high cardiovascular comorbidity is due to an increase in traditional risk factors or whether, in contrast, COPD can be considered an independent risk factor. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidity in a community-based population treated for COPD.

Patients and methods

This was a concurrent multicenter, cross-sectional study that included 572 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COPD. Information on cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity was collected by extracting data from the medical records of the participating center.

Results

The mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 53.7% (16.85%) of predicted and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity was 57.9% (10.9%). Hypertension was reported in 53%, obesity in 27%, dyslipidemia in 26%, and diabetes in 23% of the patients. The prevalence of risk factors was not related to disease severity, but there was a trend towards an association with age. In the study group, 16.4% had ischemic heart disease, 7% cerebrovascular disease, and 17% peripheral vascular disease. Cardiovascular disease was not associated with COPD severity, but such an association was reported for age and traditional risk factors.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in patients with COPD. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease exceeds that reported in the general population. No relationship was found between the severity of airflow obstruction and the presence of cardiovascular comorbidity.

Key words:
COPD
Cardiovascular risk
Prevalence
Objetivo

La enfermedad cardiovascular es una causa de muerte frecuente en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). No está claro si el exceso de comorbilidad cardiovascular se relaciona con un incremento de factores de riesgo clásicos o si, por el contrario, la EPOC puede considerarse un factor de riesgo independiente. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular en una población atendida en la comunidad por presentar EPOC.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha realizado un estudio multicéntrico, concurrente y transversal, en el que se incluyó a 572 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de EPOC. Se recogieron datos de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular extraídos de la historia clínica del centro.

Resultados

El valor medio ± desviación estándar del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo era del 53,7 ± 16,85% y la relación volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo/capacidad vital forzada del 57,9 ± 10,9%. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial era del 53%, la de obesidad del 27%, la de dislipemia del 26% y la de diabetes del 23%. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo no se relacionó con la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero sí había una tendencia de asociación con la edad. La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica fue del 16,4%, la de enfermedad cerebrovascular del 7% y la de enfermedad vascular periférica del 17%. La prevalencia de comorbilidad vascular no se relacionó con la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero sí con la edad y los factores de riesgo clásicos.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes con EPOC muestran una elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebrovascular excede la comunicada en población general. No se ha observado relación entre la gravedad de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo y la presencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular.

Palabras clave:
EPOC
Riesgo cardiovascular
Prevalencia
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This study was conducted under the auspices of the Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of Madrid (NEUMOMADRID) and sponsored by Laboratorios Esteve. Pilar de Lucas Ramos and José Luis Izquierdo Alonso have contributed equally to performing this study.

Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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