Original Articles
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results of the ARCE Study
Pilar de Lucas-Ramosa,
, José Luis Izquierdo-Alonsob, José Miguel Rodríguez-González Moroa, José María Bellón-Canoc, Julio Ancochea-Bermúdezd, Myrian Calle-Rubioe, Eduardo Calvo-Corbellaf, Jesús Molina-Parísg, Esteban Pérez-Rodríguezh, Sonia Ponsi
Corresponding author
plucasr.hgugm@salud.madrid.org
Correspondence: Dr P. de Lucas-Ramos Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Dr. Esquerdo, 46 28007 Madrid, Spain
Correspondence: Dr P. de Lucas-Ramos Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Dr. Esquerdo, 46 28007 Madrid, Spain
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario, Guadalajara, Spain
c Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
e Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
f Centro de Salud Universitario Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
g Centro de Salud Francia, Madrid, Spain
h Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
i Departamento Médico, Laboratorios Esteve, Barcelona, Spain
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General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario, Guadalajara, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Clínico de San Carlos, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff5" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Salud Universitario Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff6" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Salud Francia, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff7" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff8" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento Médico, Laboratorios Esteve, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff9" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr P. de Lucas-Ramos Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Dr. Esquerdo, 46 28007 Madrid, Spain" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2007-04-30" "fechaAceptado" => "2007-10-31" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155237" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "COPD" 1 => "Cardiovascular risk" 2 => "Prevalence" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155236" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "EPOC" 1 => "Riesgo cardiovascular" 2 => "Prevalencia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not clear whether the high cardiovascular comorbidity is due to an increase in traditional risk factors or whether, in contrast, COPD can be considered an independent risk factor. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidity in a community-based population treated for COPD.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This was a concurrent multicenter, cross-sectional study that included 572 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COPD. Information on cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity was collected by extracting data from the medical records of the participating center.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) was 53.7% (16.85%) of predicted and the ratio of FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> to forced vital capacity was 57.9% (10.9%). Hypertension was reported in 53%, obesity in 27%, dyslipidemia in 26%, and diabetes in 23% of the patients. The prevalence of risk factors was not related to disease severity, but there was a trend towards an association with age. In the study group, 16.4% had ischemic heart disease, 7% cerebrovascular disease, and 17% peripheral vascular disease. Cardiovascular disease was not associated with COPD severity, but such an association was reported for age and traditional risk factors.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in patients with COPD. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease exceeds that reported in the general population. No relationship was found between the severity of airflow obstruction and the presence of cardiovascular comorbidity.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad cardiovascular es una causa de muerte frecuente en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). No está claro si el exceso de comorbilidad cardiovascular se relaciona con un incremento de factores de riesgo clásicos o si, por el contrario, la EPOC puede considerarse un factor de riesgo independiente. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular en una población atendida en la comunidad por presentar EPOC.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio multicéntrico, concurrente y transversal, en el que se incluyó a 572 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de EPOC. Se recogieron datos de factores de riesgo y comorbilidad cardiovascular extraídos de la historia clínica del centro.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El valor medio ± desviación estándar del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo era del 53,7 ± 16,85% y la relación volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo/capacidad vital forzada del 57,9 ± 10,9%. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial era del 53%, la de obesidad del 27%, la de dislipemia del 26% y la de diabetes del 23%. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo no se relacionó con la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero sí había una tendencia de asociación con la edad. La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica fue del 16,4%, la de enfermedad cerebrovascular del 7% y la de enfermedad vascular periférica del 17%. La prevalencia de comorbilidad vascular no se relacionó con la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero sí con la edad y los factores de riesgo clásicos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con EPOC muestran una elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular y cerebrovascular excede la comunicada en población general. No se ha observado relación entre la gravedad de la obstrucción al flujo aéreo y la presencia de comorbilidad cardiovascular.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was conducted under the auspices of the Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of Madrid (NEUMOMADRID) and sponsored by Laboratorios Esteve. Pilar de Lucas Ramos and José Luis Izquierdo Alonso have contributed equally to performing this study.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tasas de mortalidad según causa, año 2002" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Instituto Nacional de Estadística" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "WWW" => array:1 [ "link" => "Available from: http://www.inebase.es" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 33 | 16 | 49 |
| 2024 September | 32 | 13 | 45 |
| 2024 August | 62 | 34 | 96 |
| 2024 July | 29 | 29 | 58 |
| 2024 June | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2024 May | 47 | 23 | 70 |
| 2024 April | 22 | 28 | 50 |
| 2024 March | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2024 February | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2023 February | 15 | 22 | 37 |
| 2023 January | 18 | 30 | 48 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 26 | 49 |
| 2022 November | 23 | 22 | 45 |
| 2022 October | 22 | 25 | 47 |
| 2022 September | 25 | 26 | 51 |
| 2022 August | 28 | 42 | 70 |
| 2022 July | 24 | 26 | 50 |
| 2022 June | 15 | 33 | 48 |
| 2022 May | 16 | 24 | 40 |
| 2022 April | 20 | 36 | 56 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 33 | 52 |
| 2022 February | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2022 January | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2021 December | 20 | 42 | 62 |
| 2021 November | 15 | 45 | 60 |
| 2021 October | 18 | 53 | 71 |
| 2021 September | 15 | 65 | 80 |
| 2021 August | 16 | 35 | 51 |
| 2021 July | 7 | 25 | 32 |
| 2021 June | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2021 May | 14 | 24 | 38 |
| 2021 April | 45 | 58 | 103 |
| 2021 March | 15 | 23 | 38 |
| 2021 February | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2021 January | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2020 December | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2020 November | 8 | 14 | 22 |
| 2020 October | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2020 September | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 2020 August | 73 | 11 | 84 |
| 2020 July | 44 | 20 | 64 |
| 2020 June | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2020 May | 41 | 25 | 66 |
| 2020 April | 38 | 35 | 73 |
| 2020 March | 20 | 13 | 33 |
| 2020 February | 27 | 23 | 50 |
| 2020 January | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2019 December | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2019 November | 9 | 15 | 24 |
| 2019 October | 4 | 13 | 17 |
| 2019 September | 21 | 21 | 42 |
| 2019 August | 13 | 14 | 27 |
| 2019 July | 13 | 22 | 35 |
| 2019 June | 14 | 20 | 34 |
| 2019 May | 15 | 25 | 40 |
| 2019 April | 24 | 53 | 77 |
| 2019 March | 12 | 23 | 35 |
| 2019 February | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 9 | 11 |
| 2018 December | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| 2018 November | 30 | 17 | 47 |
| 2018 October | 24 | 18 | 42 |
| 2018 September | 7 | 15 | 22 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 April | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2018 March | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2018 January | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2017 December | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2017 November | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2017 October | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2017 September | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2017 August | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2017 July | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2017 June | 14 | 9 | 23 |
| 2017 May | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2017 April | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2017 March | 7 | 29 | 36 |
| 2017 February | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2016 December | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2016 November | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2016 October | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2016 September | 2 | 8 | 10 |
| 2016 August | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2016 July | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 51 | 14 | 65 |
| 2015 September | 64 | 12 | 76 |
| 2015 August | 52 | 18 | 70 |
| 2015 July | 56 | 7 | 63 |
| 2015 June | 29 | 10 | 39 |
| 2015 May | 61 | 18 | 79 |
| 2015 April | 53 | 12 | 65 |
| 2015 March | 60 | 7 | 67 |
| 2015 February | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2015 January | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2014 December | 49 | 8 | 57 |
| 2014 November | 64 | 6 | 70 |
| 2014 October | 68 | 16 | 84 |
| 2014 September | 46 | 11 | 57 |
| 2014 August | 62 | 10 | 72 |
| 2014 July | 59 | 11 | 70 |
| 2014 June | 40 | 10 | 50 |
| 2014 May | 60 | 11 | 71 |
| 2014 April | 67 | 11 | 78 |
| 2014 March | 80 | 10 | 90 |
| 2014 February | 70 | 12 | 82 |
| 2014 January | 42 | 8 | 50 |
| 2013 December | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2013 November | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| 2013 October | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2013 September | 50 | 17 | 67 |
| 2013 August | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2013 July | 52 | 13 | 65 |
| 2013 June | 48 | 6 | 54 |
| 2013 May | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2013 April | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2013 March | 9 | 2 | 11 |
Show all
