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Vol. 22. Issue 1.
Pages 6-12 (January - February 1986)
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Vol. 22. Issue 1.
Pages 6-12 (January - February 1986)
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Bases farmacologicas de la utilizacion clinica de las teofilinas de liberacion retardada
Pharmacological bases for the clinical use of slow release theophylline
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E. Gil Luna, R. Azagra Ledesma, J.A. Salva Miquel
Servicio de Farmacología Clínica. Hospital Clínico de Barcelona
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Un preparado teofilínico de liberación retardada pretende disminuir la velocidad de absorción del fármaco para obtener concentraciones plasmáticas sin fluctuaciones y aumentar así el intervalo de dosificación. Esto se consigue habitualmente mediante el sistema galénico de microencapsulación.

Lo que distingue a estos preparados de los clásicos de absorción rápida son sus características farmacocinéticas: inician sus efectos más tardíamente, mejoran el cumplimiento de la prescripción, evitan fluctuaciones y estabilizan los niveles plasmáticos. Clínicamente están indicados en asmáticos con síntomas nocturnos y en aquellos metabolizadores rápidos de teofilina.

La dosis a utilizar (para adultos), es de 13 mg/kg/día, a la que se llega de forma escalonada. La dosis de mantenimiento vendrá determinada por los resultados de la monitorización plasmática del fármaco.

Numerosos factores alteran el aclaramiento de teofilina, y hay que tenerlos en cuenta para poder modificar adecuadamente las pautas de dosificación.

En caso de intoxicación masiva, debe iniciarse tan pronto como sea posible una hemoperfusión extracorpórea con carbón activado.

A slow release thephylline preparation is designed to decrease the absorption rate and so attain nonfluctuating plasma concentrations and thus increase the dosis interval. This usually is achieved with the galenic method of micro-encapsulation.

These preparations differ from the classical rapidly absorbed ones in their pharmacokinetic characteristics in that their activity starts later, improve prescription compliance, avoid fluctuations and stabilize plasma levels. They are indicated for clinical use in asthmatic patients with nocturnal attacks and those who rapidly metabolize theophylline.

The adult dosage is 13 mg/kg/day reached through staggered administration; the maintenance dosis is established on the basis of the results of plasma monitoring.

There are numerous factors influencing theophylline clearance and these must be taken into account for adequate modification of the dosage schedule. In cases of severe intoxication, extracorporal hemoperfusion with activated carbon should be started as soon as possible.

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Bibliografia
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pp. 95-138
Copyright © 1986. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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