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Vol. 35. Issue 11.
Pages 529-534 (December 1999)
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Vol. 35. Issue 11.
Pages 529-534 (December 1999)
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Asma en urgencias: ¿podemos disminuir la tasa de reingresos tras el alta?
Asthma emergencies: can we lower the rate of readmission after reléase?
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3866
A. Campo*, J.B. Galdiz, M. Iriberri, I. Pascal, V. Sobradillo
Unidad de Patología Respiratoria. Hospital de Cruces. Baracaldo. Vizcaya
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Abstract
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Existe una tasa variable de reingresos en pacientes que acuden al servicio de urgencias por crisis asmática. En nuestro medio encontramos en el año 1991 una tasa de reingresos tras el alta de urgencias de un 9%. Las recomendaciones para el alta en urgencias hospitalarias se basan en estudios sobre el número de reingresos o la solicitud de asistencia médica. No existen trabajos que valoren la estabilidad posterior al alta y los factores relacionados con ella.

Objetivos

Valorar la evolución, estabilidad clínica, de los pacientes en el período inmediato tras el alta de urgencias. Valorar si existe algún parámetro predictivo de dicha estabilidad. Valorar la tasa de reingresos en el período de un mes después del alta tras la aplicación de un protocolo de tratamiento, decisión de alta y control posterior en 72h.

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo con control a las 72h y al mes del alta. Lugar: servicio de urgencias y neumología de un hospital general. Período de 6 meses. Pacientes: 82 pacientes asmáticos dados de alta del servicio de urgencias.

Resultados

Reingresaron 2 pacientes (2,43%). En un primer control (72h) fueron visitados 81 pacientes (98,78%), y en un segundo control, 66 pacientes (80,5%). Se observó estabilidad en el 70,3% de los pacientes a las 72h y en el 86,4% al cabo de un mes. En el primer control existían diferencias en cuanto a la estabilidad si el PEF al alta había sido mayor o menor del 70% (76,92 frente a 46,66%) (p<0,05). No se encontraron otros signos clínicos, epidemiológicos o de tratamiento al alta que influyeran en la posterior estabilidad.

Conclusiones

a) una alta proporción de pacientes se encuentran inestables a las 72h tras el alta; b) un PEF al alta superior al 70% incrementa de manera significativa la estabilidad a las 72h; c) nuestra tasa de reingresos, un mes posterior tras el alta ha sido muy baja (2,43%), y d) no se observan diferencias en la estabilidad según hubieran recibido o no corticoides orales al alta.

Palabras clave:
Reingresos
Asma agudo
Peak-Flow
Introduction

The rate of readmission among asthmatic emergency patients varies. In 1991 we observed a 9% rate of readmission following emergency room release. Studies of the number of readmissions or request for medical care are used as the basis for recommendations for releasing patients from hospital emergency care. No studies have assessed disease stability following release or factors related to stability.

Objectives

To assess the course of disease and clinical stability of patients in the period immediately following release from emergency room care. To determine factors that might predict such stability. To determine the rate of readmission in the month following release after appiying a treatment protocol and release criteria, with follow-up examination 72h later.

Material and methods

Prospective, descriptive study with follow-up 72h and one month after release. Setting: Emergency and pneumology departments of a general hospital. Period: six months. Patients: 82 asthmatic patients released from the emergency room.

Results

Two patients (2,43% were readmitted. At the first follow-up visit (72h) 81 patients (98.78%) were seen. At the scond visit, 66 patients (80.5%) were examinated. We observed stability in 70.3% of patients at 72h and in 86.4% after on month. Stability was statistically related to whether peak expiratory flow greater or less than 70% (76.92% stable versus 46.66% unstable) (p<0.05). No other clinical, epidemiological or treatment variables recorded upon release were found to influence stability.

Conclusions

1) A large proportion of patients are in stable conditfon 72h after release. 2) When peak expiratory flow upon release is > 70%, stability is significantly increased 72h later. 3) Our 2.43% rate of readmission one month after release is very low. 4) No differences in stability were seen to be related to oral corticoid prescription upon release.

Key words:
Readmission
Acute asthma
Peak flow
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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