Journal Information
Vol. 44. Issue 12.
Pages 660-663 (January 2008)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 44. Issue 12.
Pages 660-663 (January 2008)
Original Articles
Full text access
Anti-factor Xa Activity of Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis in Nonsurgical Patients Is Dependent on Body Mass
Visits
6952
David Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
djc_69_98@yahoo.com

Correspondence: Dr D. Jiménez Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal Ctra de Colmenar, km 9.100 28034 Madrid, Spain
, Gema Díaza, Ana Iglesiasb, Jesús Césarb, Ángel García-Avellob, David Martíc, Carlos Escobarc, Rafael Vidala, Antonio Sueiroa
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
c Unidad de Ecocardiografía, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Objective

Thromboprophylaxis with fixed doses of low molecular weight heparin is recommended for hospitalized acutely ill medical patients. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) activity of enoxaparin prescribed for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis depends on body mass index (BMI) in patients hospitalized for an acute respiratory disease.

Patients and methods

All patients admitted by the respiratory medicine department (January-December 2006) for an acute respiratory disease, and for whom pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was indicated, were included in the study. Anti-Xa activity was measured 4 hours after administration of enoxaparin on the third day of hospitalization. The primary outcome was anti-Xa activity in relation to BMI.

Results

One hundred twelve patients were enrolled. Mean anti-Xa activity decreased with each BMI quartile(0.28, 0.23, 0.15 and 0.13 U/mL for quartiles 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, BMI was the only predictor of inadequate anti-Xa activity (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 10.5-1.24; P<.002) after adjustment for age, sex, and serum creatinine concentration. Two episodes of symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis were observed in the month after hospitalization; both were in patients who had inadequate anti-Xa activity.

Conclusions

Anti-Xa activity is dependent on BMI in hospitalized acute medical patients receiving enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis.

Key words:
Enoxaparin
Thromboprophylaxis
Acute medical condition
Objetivo

Se recomienda la tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular a dosis fijas en pacientes médicos agudos que requieran ingreso hospitalario. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar si la actividad antifactor Xa de la enoxaparina depende del peso corporal cuando se administra a pacientes hospitalizados por un proceso respiratorio agudo como profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa.

Pacientes y métodos

Se incluyó prospectivamente en el estudio a todos los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Neumología entre enero y diciembre de 2006 por un proceso respiratorio agudo con indicación de tromboprofilaxis farmacológica. Se determinó la actividad anti-Xa 4 h después de la administración de la enoxaparina, en el tercer día de ingreso hospitalario. El criterio de evaluación principal fue la actividad anti-Xa en función del índice de masa corporal (IMC).

Resultados

Se incluyó a 112 pacientes en el estudio. La actividad anti-Xa media disminuyó a medida que aumentaban los cuartiles de IMC (0,28, 0,23, 0,15 y 0,13 U/ml para los cuartiles 1, 2, 3 y 4, respectivamente). En el análisis multivariable, el IMC fue la única variable predictora de actividad anti-Xa insuficiente (odds ratio = 1,14; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 1,05-1,24; p < 0,002), después de ajustar por la edad, el sexo y la creatinina sérica. Hubo 2 episodios sintomáticos de trombosis venosa profunda proximal en el mes posterior al ingreso hospitalario, ambos en pacientes con actividad anti-Xa insuficiente.

Conclusiones

La actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina depende del IMC en los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso médico agudo que requiera hospitalización.

Palabras clave:
Enoxaparina
Tromboprofilaxis
Proceso médico agudo
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1]
H Büller, G Agnellli, RD Hull, TM Hyers, MH Prins, GE Raskob.
Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease.
[2]
S Jo-Anne Wilson, K Wilbur, E Burton, DR Anderson.
Effect of patient weight on the anticoagulant response to adjusted therapeutic dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism.
Haemostasis, 31 (2001), pp. 42-48
[3]
MM Samama, AT Cohen, JY Darmon, L Desjardins, A Eldor, C Janbon, et al.
A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients. Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group.
N Engl J Med, 341 (1999), pp. 793-800
[4]
A Leizorovicz, AT Cohen, AGG Turpie, CG Olson, PT Vaitkus, SZ Goldhaber.
PREVENT Medical Thromboprophylaxis Study Group. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients.
Circulation, 110 (2004), pp. 874-879
[5]
R Alikhan, AT Cohen, S Combe, MM Samama, L Desjardins, A Eldor, et al.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients with enoxaparin: a subgroup analysis of the MEDENOX study.
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis, 14 (2003), pp. 341-346
[6]
N Kucher, A Leizorovicz, PT Vaitkus, AT Cohen, AG Turpie, CG Olsson, et al.
Efficacy and safety of fixed low-dose dalteparin in preventing venous thromboembolism among obese or elderly hospitalized patients.
Arch Intern Med, 165 (2005), pp. 341-345
[7]
VF Tapson, H Decousus, M Pini, BH Chong, JB Froehlich, M Monreal, et al.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill hospitalized medical patients: findings from the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism.
Chest, 132 (2007), pp. 936-945
[8]
SZ Goldhaber, K Dunn, RC McDougall.
New onset of venous thromboembolism among hospitalized patients at Brigham and Women's Hospital is caused more often by prophylaxis failure than by withholding treatment.
Chest, 118 (2000), pp. 1680-1684
[9]
Fragmin product monograph, Pharmacia Inc, (2000),
[10]
J Harenberg.
Is laboratory monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin therapy necessary?.
Yes J Thromb Haemost, 2 (2004), pp. 547-550
[11]
JI Weitz.
Low-molecular-weight heparins.
N Engl J Med, 337 (1997), pp. 688-698
[12]
A Berges, S Laporte, M Epinat, P Zufferey, E Alamartine, B Tranchand, et al.
Anti-factor Xa activity of enoxaparin administered at prophylactic dosage over 75 years old.
Br J Clin Pharmacol, 64 (2007), pp. 428-438
[13]
M Laposata, D Green, EM van Cott, TW Barrowcliffe, SH Goodnight, RC Sosolik.
College of American Pathologists Conference XXXI on Laboratory Monitoring of Anticoagulant Therapy. The clinical use and laboratory monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparin, danaparoid, hirudin and related compounds, and argatroban.
Arch Pathol Lab Med, 122 (1998), pp. 799-807
[14]
I Mahe, I Gouin-Thibault, L Drouet, G Simoneau, H di Castillo, V Siguret, et al.
Elderly medical patients treated with prophylactic dosages of enoxaparin: influence of renal function on anti-Xa level.
Drugs Aging, 24 (2007), pp. 63-71
[15]
AF Jacobsen, E Qvigstad, PM Sandset.
Low molecular weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy.
BJOG, 110 (2003), pp. 139-144
[16]
R Abbate, AM Gori, A Farsi, M Attanasio, G Pepe.
Monitoring of low-molecular-weight heparins in cardiovascular disease.
Am J Cardiol, 82 (1998), pp. 33-36
[17]
W Geerts, GF Pineo, JA Heit, D Bergqvist, MR Lassen, CW Colwell, et al.
Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the seventh ACCP conference on antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy.
Chest, 126 (2004), pp. 338-400
[18]
MM Samama.
Contemporary laboratory monitoring of low molecular weight heparins.
Clin Lab Med, 15 (1995), pp. 119-123
[19]
B Boneu.
Low molecular weight heparin therapy: is monitoring needed.
Thromb Haemost, 72 (1994), pp. 330-334
[20]
J Hirsh, TE Warkentin, SG Shaughnessy, SS Arnand, JL Halperin, R Raschke, et al.
Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin. Mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, monitoring, efficacy and safety.
Chest, 119 (2001), pp. 64S-94S
[21]
SG Frederiksen, JL Hedenbro, L Norgren.
Enoxaparin effect depends on body-weight and current doses may be inadequate in obese patients.
Br J Surg, 90 (2003), pp. 547-548
[22]
U Priglinger, GD Delle Karth, A Geppert, C Joukhadar, S Graf, R Berger, et al.
Prophylactic anticoagulation with enoxaparin: is the subcutaneous route appropriate in the critically ill?.
Crit Care Med, 31 (2003), pp. 1405-1409
[23]
MJ Kovacs, K Weir, K MacKinnon, M Keeney, WF Brien, MK Cruickshank.
Body weight does not predict for anti-Xa levels after fixed dose prophylaxis with enoxaparin after orthopedic surgery.
Thromb Res, 91 (1998), pp. 129-136
[24]
MM Samama, C Verhille, L Darchy.
Relation between weight, obesity and frequency of deep venous thrombosis after enoxaparin in orthopedic surgery.
Thromb Haemost, 977 (1995),
[25]
L Bara, A Leizorovicz, H Picolet, M Samama.
Correlation between anti-Xa and occurrence of thrombosis and haemorrhage in post-surgical patients treated with either Logiparin® (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin.
Thromb Res, 65 (1992), pp. 641-650
[26]
A Leizorovicz, L Bara, MM Samama, MC Haugh.
Factor X inhibition: correlation between the plasma levels of anti-Xa activity and occurrence of thrombosis and haemorrhage.
Haemostasis, 23 (1993), pp. 89-98
[27]
MN Levine, A Planes, J Hirsh, M Goodyear, N Vochelle, M Gent.
The relationship between anti-factor Xa level and clinical outcomes in patients receiving enoxaparine low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent deep vein thrombosis after hip replacement.
Thromb Haemost, 62 (1989), pp. 940-944
[28]
HK Nieuwenhuis, J Albada, JD Banga, JJ Sixma.
Identification of risk factors for bleeding during treatment of acute venous thromboembolism with heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin.
Blood, 78 (1991), pp. 2337-2343
[29]
L Bara, A Planes, MM Samama.
Occurrence of thrombosis and haemorrhage, relationship with anti-Xa, anti-II activities and D-dimer plasma levels in patients receiving a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin or tinzaparin, to prevent deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery.
Br J Haematol, 104 (1999), pp. 230-240

A grant to support this research was received from the Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery of Madrid (NEUMOMADRID).

Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?